The prevalence of IBS is 7.85% in Chinese college and university students according to the Rome III criteria. Low exercise level and anxiety may be the risk factors for IBS.

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We developed a simple and environmentally friendly ultraviolet (UV)-irradiation-assisted technique to fabricate a stretchable, nanostructured gold film as a flexible electrode for the detection of NO release. The flexible gold film endows the electrode with desirable electrochemical stability against mechanical deformation, including bending to different curvatures and bearing repeated bending circumstances (200 times). The flexible nanostructured gold electrodes can catalyze NO oxidation at 0.85 V (as opposed to Ag/AgCl) and detect NO within a wide linearity in the range of 10 nM to 1.295 μM. Its excellent NO-sensing ability and its stretchability together with its biocompatibility allows the electrode to electrochemically monitor NO release from mechanically sensitive HUVECs in both their unstretched and stretched states. This result paves the way for an effective and easily accessible platform for designing stretchable and flexible electrodes and opens more opportunities for sensing chemical-signal molecules released from cells or other biological samples during mechanical stimulation.

aMoSx/Co(OH)2 nanosheets were synthesized by forming amorphous MoSx on Co(OH)2 nanosheets. The aMoSx/Co(OH)2 nanosheets demonstrate excellent OER catalytic activity with only 350 mV at 10 mA cm−2. The incorporation of amorphous molybdenum sulfide enhances the hydrophilicity, favoring the availability of reactant, and induces electron transfer for enhancing the OER catalytic activity of Co(OH)2.

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Although the mature Haber–Bosch process has become the main method for ammonia production, its high energy consumption nature has motivated people to learn about nitrogenases, which can fix N2 in the atmosphere to NH3 under ambient conditions. Here we show that Bi-CeO2 nanorods with oxygen vacancies can effectively fix N2 to NH3 under ambient conditions by an electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). Bismuth has a certain electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction effect because of the strong force between the Bi 6p band and the N 2p orbital. The subsequent one-pot solvothermal method ensure the successful doping of Bi into the CeO2 structure, and the catalyst material Bi-CeO2 has sufficient adhesion with the substrate carbon paper, thereby ensuring electrode stability. Meanwhile, the introduction of a Bi atom to CeO2 is an effective strategy to increase the abundance of oxygen vacancies in CeO2 for the rate-determining step and hence better promote NRR activity compared with classic transition-metal catalysts because the electrons trapped by the oxygen vacancies present in the catalyst material can be injected into the counterbond orbitals of N2 adsorbed on the catalyst material, thereby weakening the NN triple bond for later activation and hydrogenation. The catalyst achieves a high R NH3 of 6.29 μg h–1 cm–2 with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 8.56% at −0.5 V (vs RHE) in 0.5 M K2SO4 at room temperature. This Article provides a new avenue for the design and development of efficient catalysts for the electrocatalytic NRR.

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