We study a model of radiating gases that describes the interaction of an inviscid gas with photons. We show the existence of smooth traveling waves called 'shock profiles', when the strength of the shock is small. Moreover, we prove that the regularity of the traveling wave increases when the strength of the shock tends to zero.

Balanced immune responses are essential for the maintenance of successful pregnancy. Aberrant responses of immune system during pregnancy increase the risk of preeclampsia. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a crucial role in the activation of immune system at the maternal-fetal interface. This study aimed to generate a rat model of preeclampsia by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, a TLR4 agonist) administration on gestational day (GD) 5 as rats are subjected to placentation immediately after implantation between GDs 4 and 5, and to assess the contribution of TLR4 signaling to the development of preeclampsia. Single administration of 0.5 μg/kg LPS significantly increased blood pressure of pregnant rats since GD 6 (systolic blood pressure, 124.89 ± 1.79 mmHg versus 119.02 ± 1.80 mmHg, P < 0.05) and urinary protein level since GD 9 (2.02 ± 0.29 mg versus 1.11 ± 0.18 mg, P < 0.01), but barely affected blood pressure or proteinuria of virgin rats compared with those of saline-treated pregnant rats. This was accompanied with adverse pregnancy outcomes including fetal growth restriction. The expression of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 were both increased in the placenta but not the kidney from LPS-treated pregnant rats, with deficient trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling. Furthermore, the levels of inflammatory cytokines were elevated systemically and locally in the placenta from pregnant rats treated with LPS. TLR4 signaling in the placenta was activated, to which that in the placenta of humans with preeclampsia changed similarly. In conclusion, LPS administration to pregnant rats in early pregnancy could elicit TLR4-mediated immune response at the maternal-fetal interface contributing to poor early placentation that may culminate in the preeclampsia-like syndrome.

Asherman's syndrome (AS) is a common disease that presents endometrial regeneration disorder. However, little is known about its molecular features of this aregenerative endometrium in AS and how to reconstruct the functioning endometrium for the patients with AS. Here, we report that ΔNp63 is significantly upregulated in residual epithelial cells of the impaired endometrium in AS; the upregulated-ΔNp63 induces endometrial quiescence and alteration of stemness. Importantly, we demonstrate that engrafting high density of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNCs) loaded in collagen scaffold onto the uterine lining of patients with AS downregulates ΔNp63 expression, reverses ΔNp63-induced pathological changes, normalizes the stemness alterations and restores endometrial regeneration. Finally, five patients achieved successful pregnancies and live births. Therefore, we conclude that ΔNp63 is a crucial therapeutic target for AS. This novel treatment significantly improves the outcome for the patients with severe AS.Asherman's syndrome, ΔNp63, quiescence, endometrial regeneration, bone marrow stem cell based therapy Citation:

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Variant pulmonary vein anatomy (PVA) has been reported to influence the recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after radiofrequency ablation. However, the effects of PVA on AF in patients undergoing cryoballoon ablation (CBA) remain unknown. The present study aimed to examine the impact of PVA on the long-term outcome of CBA for AF. A total of 78 patients (mean age 60.7±10.9 years, 64.1% males) with symptomatic and drug-refractory paroxysmal AF were enrolled in the study. Left atrium (LA) and PVA acquired at computed tomography angiography (CTA) were reconstructed with CARTO® 3 SYSTEM. Patients were routinely evaluated by 24-hour Holter monitoring following CBA. Cox regression was used to detect the predictors of AF recurrence after CBA. The results showed abnormal PVA in 30 patients (38.5%) and 18 patients (23.1%) had left common PV (LCPV). Electrical pulmonary vein isolation was achieved in all patients. After a mean follow-up of 689.5±103.8 days, it was found that patients with abnormal PVA had similar AF recurrence rate to those with normal PVA (26.7% vs. 25.0%, P=0.54), and there was no significant difference in AF recurrence rate between LCPV patients and non-LCPV patients (33.7% vs. 23.3%, P=0.29). Cox regression analysis showed that AF duration (72.9±9.0 vs. 42.3±43.2 months, HR 1.001; 95%CI 1.003-1.014; P<0.001) and cryo-applications of right-side PVs (3.0±1.6 vs. 4.7±1.7, HR 0.661; 95% CI 0.473-0.925; P=0.016) were independent predictors of freedom from AF, but PVA was not identified as a predictor of long-term success. In conclusion, the variant PVA cannot significantly influence the long-term outcome of AF patients undergoing CBA; longer AF duration and less cryo-applications of right-side PVs are associated with higher AF recurrent rate.

Abstract. This paper is devoted to the analysis of global smooth solutions to the multidimensional isentropic Euler equations with stiff relaxation. We show that the asymptotic behavior of the global smooth solution is governed by the porous media equation as the relaxation time tends to zero. The results are proved by combining some classical energy estimates with the so-called Shizuta-Kawashima condition. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). 35L45, 76N10, 76S05.

We consider a model for the interaction of a gas with photons. In the article (Lin et al. Phys D 218:83-94, 2006), smooth traveling wave solutions called shock profiles have been constructed under a suitable smallness assumption between the asymptotic states. In this work, we construct piecewise smooth traveling wave solutions that connect two asymptotic states with a large jump. In particular, we give Communicated by E. Timofeev. a rigorous mathematical justification to the formation of the so-called Zeldovich spike.

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