The aim of present study was to assess the radioprotective effects of the local application of amifostine to treat acute buccal mucositis in guinea pigs. A total of 32 guinea pigs were randomized into four groups: (Group A) topically administered 50 mg of amifostine plus radiotherapy (RT); (Group B) 100 mg amifostine plus RT; (Group C) normal saline plus RT; and (Group D) normal saline plus sham RT. The opportunity for administration was 15 min before irradiation. When administered, the cotton pieces that had been soaked with 0.5 ml amifostine solution or saline were applied gently on the buccal mucosa of each guinea pig for 30 min. The animals in Groups A, B and C were irradiated individually with a single dose of 30 Gy to the bilateral buccal mucosa. Eight days after irradiation, the animals were scored macroscopically; they were then euthanized, and the buccal mucosal tissues were processed for hematoxylin–eosin staining and ICAM-1 immunohistochemical analysis. In Groups A and B, the mean macroscopic scores were 2.9 ± 0.6 and 2.4 ± 1.1, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, when they were separately compared with Group C (4.4 ± 0.7), a noticeable difference was obtained (P < 0.05). No mucositis was observed in Group D. Comparisons of the expression of ICAM-1 were in agreement with the macroscopic data. Histologically, superficial erosion, exudate and ulcer formation were all observed in the RT groups; only the severity and extent were different. The microscopic observations in the amifostine-treated groups were better than in Group C. The results demonstrated that topical administration of amifostine to the oral mucosa is effective treatment of acute radiation-induced mucositis.
Background and purpose:Previous studies demonstrated that intraplaque haemorrhage increased the contents of cholesterol and oxidants in atherosclerotic plaques. The present study was aimed to test the hypothesis that enhanced expression of haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) may stabilize vulnerable plaques. Experimental approach: Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was performed to identify three similar abdominal aortic plaques in each of 58 fat-fed New Zealand rabbits after aortic balloon injury. With the guidance of IVUS, 50 mL autologous erythrocytes (RBC) or normal saline (NS) were injected from adventitia into two of the pre-selected plaques, respectively, whereas the third plaque served as a blank control. All rabbits were randomly divided into two groups, receiving intraperitoneal injection of haemin and saline respectively. Key results: Compared with NS or control plaques, RBC plaques had more macrophage infiltration and lipid content, thinner plaque fibrous cap, and higher expression of inflammatory factors and incidence of plaque rupture. RBC plaques in the haemin group had about a 50% lower incidence of plaque rupture than those in the control group. Conclusions and implications:Haem oxygenase-1 may eliminate haem or other oxidants, exert unexpected anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects and serve as a promising approach to the direct inhibition of erythrocyte-induced plaque instability.British Journal of Pharmacology (2010) 160, 1484-1495; doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00799.x Keywords: atherosclerosis; erythrocyte; vulnerable plaque; haem oxygenase-1; intraplaque hemorrhage Abbreviations: EEMA, external elastic membrane area; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; HDL, highdensity lipoprotein; HO-1, haem oxygenase-1; IVUS, intravascular ultrasound; LA, lumen area; LDL, lowdensity lipoprotein; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MDA, malondialdehyde; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; NF-kB, nuclear transcription factor kB; NS, normal saline; PB, plaque burden; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; RBC, erythrocyte; SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SOD, superoxide dismutase; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; TIMP-1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 IntroductionPathological studies have demonstrated that vulnerable plaques induced by intraplaque hemorrhage are frequently associated with increased density of microvessels (Burke et al., 1999;Kockx et al., 2003) and presence of erythrocyte membranes within the necrotic core (Kolodgie et al., 2003). The number of vasa vasorum was increased twofold and fourfold in vulnerable and ruptured plaques, respectively, as compared with stable plaques. The cholesterol content of the erythrocyte membrane was also found to contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis (Torkhovskaia et al., 1983;Miwa et al., 2003). Lipid contents derived from erythrocytes were associated with large necrotic cores of atherosclerotic plaques with intraplaque hemorrhage (Kolodgie et al., 200...
Ideal speech restoration remains a difficult challenge for patients undergoing laryngectomy so far. Our aim was to explore the feasibility of neoglottic reconstruction with sternohyoid muscles on upper-tracheal orifice after total laryngectomy which can obtain relatively ideal voice rehabilitation. Fifteen male patients are laryngectomized, of whom eight with standard total laryngectomy and seven underwent nonstandard total laryngectomy with epiglottis conserved. After laryngectomy, the upper margin of the anterior hypopharyngeal mucosa (postcricoid mucosa) was stitched to the posterior margin of upper-tracheal orifice and a triangle-shaped neoglottis on upper-tracheal orifice was reconstructed using bilateral sternohyoid muscles near the hyoid bone which were sutured to the posterior wall and bilateral of upper-tracheal orifice. Then tracheolingual root anastomosis was done and reconstruction surgery was completed. Finally, a satisfactory voice was achieved in 14 of 15 patients except one whose neoglottis is stenosed and 11 cases had no severe complications including aspiration erroneous deglutition. The stomach catheters were removed successfully from 4 to 6 weeks after surgery in 11 cases, respectively. The neoglottis had to be closed in three patients because of aspiration problem. One neoglottis was closed 3 weeks after surgical reconstruction because of tracheal rings tear which created a bigger neoglottis. One neoglottis was removed 32 moths after total laryngectomy due to big neoglottis. Another one was closed 3 weeks after surgery by reason of the fear of aspiration without psychological preparation. Therefore, it is feasible to use the sternohyoid muscles for creation of a neoglottis on upper-tracheal orifice and provide an alternative surgical method of the voice restoration for the patients after laryngectomy.
The contact analysis model of high speed centrifugal atomizer is created and stress distribution law is obtained by using ANSYS FEM software in this paper. The stress distribution along the axial direction is uneven, the stress of the small end of the taper is large and the stress concentration appears on both ends of the taper. In addition, the factors which influence the interference fit stress are researched and discussed. The interference fit stress is mainly influenced by the shrink range, while the influence from the friction coefficient is very weak. Comparing with the conventional design, the position and value of the stress and deformation of the parts can be known exactly and thoroughly by using the approach proposed in this paper. The method provides a very valuable reference to designing the best shrink range for engineering application.
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