Plants are the natural treasure of antioxidants and antimicrobial agents. Present study was intended to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of Plumeria alba leaves hydroalcoholic extract (PALHE). Study involved the phytochemical screening, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of PALHE. The PALHE was prepared using 95% ethanol as solvent through maceration method. The antioxidant activity involved determination of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging assay was used for the determination of antioxidant activity of PALHE. The PALHE was investigated for its antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli using well diffusion method. Various phytochemical screening tests were carried out and the results revealed the presence of carbohydrates, reducing sugar, mucilage, proteins, steroids, volatile oil, tannins, phenolic and flavonoids in the PALHE. Besides, moderate antioxidant activity was also revealed through the result of DPPH assay over the ethanolic leaves extract of the PALHE, where the IC50 was found to be 23.96 mcg/ml. Additionally, the TPC and TFC were found to be 71.04 mg (GAE/g of total phenol in terms of gallic acid equivalent) and 75.60 mg (RE/g of total flavonoid in terms of rutin equivalent) respectively.
Plants are the natural treasure of antioxidants and antimicrobial agents. Present study was intended to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of Plumeria alba leaves hydroalcoholic extract (PALHE). Study involved the phytochemical screening, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of PALHE. The PALHE was prepared using 95% ethanol as solvent through maceration method. The antioxidant activity involved determination of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging assay was used for the determination of antioxidant activity of PALHE. The PALHE was investigated for its antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli using well diffusion method. Various phytochemical screening tests were carried out and the results revealed the presence of carbohydrates, reducing sugar, mucilage, proteins, steroids, volatile oil, tannins, phenolic and flavonoids in the PALHE. Besides, moderate antioxidant activity was also revealed through the result of DPPH assay over the ethanolic leaves extract of the PALHE, where the IC50 was found to be 23.96 mcg/ml. Additionally, the TPC and TFC were found to be 71.04 mg (GAE/g of total phenol in terms of gallic acid equivalent) and 75.60 mg (RE/g of total flavonoid in terms of rutin equivalent) respectively.
According to the Ministry of Health Statistics, there have been 87,710 confirmed HIV infectedcases in Malaysia. Objective: To determine how well MAHSA University medical studentsknew about HIV/AIDS. Method: This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based studyconducted at MAHSA University's School of Medicine. The surveys focused on differentmechanisms of transmission, high-risk behaviours, and prevention strategies. Result: A total of360 medical students participate in this study. Medical students in pre-clinical years hadsubstantially higher knowledge ratings than those in clinical years (p=0.045). Comfortablenessdealing with HIV/AIDS patients had the highest stigmatizing score (3.78 ± 0.86). Attitudestoward imposed measures had the lowest stigmatization score (mean 2.60 ± 0.62), knowledgescore is significantly correlate with stigmatizing attitude (P=0.004). In addition, higherknowledge scores were shown among medical students who reported to have previousencounters with patients living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) (p<0.001). Knowledge scores weresignificantly low among the patients living with HIV (PEWHIV) (4.2 ± 1.67) (P=0.019).Concerning mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS infection, clinical medical studentsshowed higher degree of knowledge as compare with preclinical years medical students with P<0.05. Conclusion: The knowledge of medical students in Mashsa University is generallyhigh, awareness of HIV transmission from mother to child through breast milk is still lacking,indicating that this is the most significant feature that has to be stressed and improved in futuremedical curriculum for better health care services and public education.
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