Immune‐mediated neutropenia, also termed autoimmune neutropenia (AIN), is an uncommon event, rarely documented within veterinary literature, although the clinical profile and probable pathogenesis have been outlined in detail within medical literature. In this paper, we review 2 different manifestations of this disorder. The 1st case primarily involved peripheral destruction of mature neutrophils, with little impact on marrow precursors, whereas the 2nd case resulted in suppression of neutrophilic granulopoiesis within marrow. In both cases, absolute neutrophil counts dropped below 200/mL.
I mmune-mediated neutropenia, also termed autoimmune neutropenia (AIN), is an uncommon event, rarely documented within veterinary literature, 1,2 although the clinical profile and probable pathogenesis have been outlined in detail within medical literature. [3][4][5] In this paper, we review 2 different manifestations of this disorder. The 1st case primarily involved peripheral destruction of mature neutrophils, with little impact on marrow precursors, whereas the 2nd case resulted in suppression of neutrophilic granulopoiesis within marrow. In both cases, absolute neutrophil counts dropped below 200/L. Case 1A 1.5-year-old 27-kg spayed female Doberman Pinscher was presented for lethargy, anorexia, and vomiting to CL's animal hospital. Five days before her illness, she had been treated with neomycin, polymyxin, and dexamethasone drops for mild conjunctivitis of the right eye. Persistence of the vomiting and anorexia over a 3-day period prompted admission of the patient for further workup.Routine immunizations, including rabies, distemper, canine adenovirus type 2, panleukopenia, parvovirus, and leptospirosis, had been administered 4 months before presentation. Borrelia bacterin for Lyme disease had been administered 1 month later, simultaneously with the yearly heartworm check. The dog received ivermectin (10.1 g/kg q30d).Physical examination indicated a dog in good body condition, with a rectal temperature of 103ЊF and injected mucous membranes. Results of a CBC indicated mild leukopenia (3,000/L) with severe neutropenia (150 neutrophils/ L). Neutrophils displayed moderate toxic change. Platelet concentration was slightly decreased (110,000/L), but this result may have been spurious because it was not detected on subsequent counts. The remainder of the CBC results were within reference range. Urinalysis of a voided specimen indicated a specific gravity of 1.015, pH 7, trace protein, occasional granular casts, and rare cocci. Serum chemistry values were within reference range. Blood culture was negative. Feces were negative for parvovirus antigen. Serum titers for canine coronavirus, Leptospira interrogans
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