Immune‐Mediated Neutropenia in 2 Dogs

McManus, Patricia M.; Litwin, Chaim; Barber, Lisa G.

doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.1999.tb02196.x

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…19 A recent report has described neonatal alloimmune neutropenia in an Arabian foal 21 ; however, immune-mediated destruction of neutrophils with profound neutropenia (Ͻ200 neutrophils/L) has rarely been reported in animals. [22][23][24][25] The neutrophils in the foals in this study also may have been involved in a reaction with maternal antibodies, although the neutrophil numbers were not as profoundly affected (none Ͻ500 neutrophils/L) as platelets. Based on the small number of foals, as well as the individual variation in half-life of neutrophils and platelets in horses, and how these cells might have been affected by maternally derived antibodies, it is difficult to determine if the changes in the platelet and neutrophil numbers shared a similar pattern, although most foals (4/6) had improvement in neutrophil numbers that corresponded to increases in platelet counts throughout the first 3-9 days of therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ulcerative Dermatitis, Thrombocytopenia, and Neutropenia in Neonatal Foals

Perkins¹,

Miller²,

Divers³

et al. 2005

J Vet Int Med

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This report describes transient ulcerative dermatitis, severe thrombocytopenia, and mild neutropenia in 6 foals from 4 mares from geographically diverse regions of the United States. The foals presented at Ͻ4 days of age with oral and lingual ulcers, and crusting and erythema around the eyes, muzzle, and perineal, inguinal, axillary, trunk, and neck regions. There was a severe thrombocytopenia (0-30,000 platelets/L), leukopenia (1,200 white blood cells/L), and mild neutropenia (500-1,800 neutrophils/ L). Four of the 6 foals had petechiae and ecchymotic hemorrhages and 3 had bleeding tendencies. Results of examination of a bone marrow biopsy from 1 foal were normal and results of a platelet surface immunoglobulin test in another were negative. Histopathology of the skin in all foals showed subepidermal clefting with subjacent vascular dilation, dermal hemorrhage, and superficial papillary necrosis. The foals were treated supportively with broad-spectrum antibiotics (5/6), corticosteroids (3/6), gastric ulcer prophylaxis (6/6), whole-blood transfusion (4/6), and platelet-rich plasma (1/6). The skin lesions and thrombocytopenia (Ͼ50,000 platelets/L) improved in 2 weeks (4/6). Two foals had a decline in their platelet counts when the steroids were decreased and needed protracted treatment. All foals survived and were healthy as yearlings. Two mares that had 2 affected foals each, upon subsequent pregnancies to different stallions, had healthy foals when an alternate source of colostrum was given. The findings in the cases in this report suggest a possible relationship between colostral antibodies or some other factor in the colostrum and the thrombocytopenia and skin lesions, although further investigation is warranted to confirm or refute this hypothesis.Key words: Dermatopathy; Horse; Neutrophil; Platelet; Skin.T he purpose of this paper is to describe a syndrome of transient ulcerative dermatitis, severe thrombocytopenia with bleeding tendencies, and neutropenia in neonatal foals. The physical examination, clinicopathologic, clinical progress, and histopathology of skin biopsy findings of 6 neonatal foals from geographically diverse regions of the United States will be presented. Materials and MethodsThe medical records of 6 neonatal foals examined between 1998 and 2002 with a transient ulcerative dermatitis and severe thrombocytopenia were summarized. The foals were seen at 3 referral hospitals throughout the United States, including Cornell University Hospital for Animals, Ithaca, NY (n ϭ 2), Washington State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Pullman, WA (n ϭ 2), and Peterson and Smith Equine Hospital, Ocala, FL (n ϭ 2). A CBC and skin biopsy were performed on all foals. The skin biopsies were fixed in formalin and the slides were evaluated by 1 dermatologist (WHM) retrospectively for the purposes of publication. Data collected from the record included the signalment and parity of the mare and events (medications, illness, and vaccinations) that occurred during pregnancy and parturition, the health of t...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ulcerative Dermatitis, Thrombocytopenia, and Neutropenia in Neonatal Foals

Perkins¹,

Miller²,

Divers³

et al. 2005

J Vet Int Med

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] In the authors' opinion, IMN, which is sometimes called corticosteroid-responsive neutropenia, is not uncommon in the dog despite the paucity of documented reports. 4,[6][7][8][9] Couto states that in his experience IMN is fairly common in small animal patients. 6 Dogs of any age or gender can present with either clinical or subclinical IMN.…”

Section: Perkins Ad P Canfield B Rk Churcher C and R Malik Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 It is our impression that IMN may be more common than reflected by the literature. 4,[6][7][8][9] Definitive diagnosis of IMN requires demonstration of anti-neutrophil antibody. 4,12 A number of tests, including leukoagglutination, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and radioimmunoassays have been used to detect anti-neutrophil antibodies in human patients.…”

Section: DI Is Sc Cu Us Ss Si Io On Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune‐mediated neutropenia suspected in five dogs

Perkins

Canfield

Churcher³

et al. 2004

Aust Veterinary J

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Five cases of suspected immune-mediated neutropenia in dogs are described. Clinical signs varied depending on whether the animals had a systemic infection or concurrent immune-mediated disease. Patients were diagnosed by excluding other causes of neutropenia, supportive bone marrow aspirate findings, an initial favourable response to corticosteroid administration in four of the cases, and concurrent immune-mediated disease. Four of the dogs were receiving medications at the time of diagnosis, and immune-mediated neutropenia secondary to drug therapy cannot be excluded. This study shows that appropriate immunosuppressive treatment can lead to a favourable outcome, however, care is required to avoid adverse effects associated with corticosteroid use. It is also imperative that medications are not withdrawn abruptly as a second remission may not always be achievable.

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“…7 Although this test does not distinguish between neutrophil-specific antigen and shared or adsorbed surface antigens, it does lend further support to an immune-mediated mechanism of disease. Immunoglobulin G and C3 associated with promyelocytes and bone marrow neutrophilic elements have been detected via an immunofluorescent antibody test in 2 dogs suspected of having immune-mediated destruction of their neutrophils.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…[5][6][7][8][9] The retrospective study reported here was designed to evaluate the clinicopathologic features and potential risk factors for idiopathic neutropenia in dogs. To the authors' knowledge, only 9 dogs have been described as having corticosteroid-responsive, idiopathic neutropenia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%