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Rootstocks are widely used in viticulture due to their resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Additionally, rootstocks can affect vine growth and fruit quality. This study evaluated the compatibility and initial developmental of the ‘BRS Magna’ grafted on different rootstocks The wedge graft technique on woody cuttings was utilized. The percentage of survival ranged from 0% (‘VR043-43’) to 98.33% (‘101-14 MGT’), and the rootstock were grouped into three distinct groups. ‘IAC 313 Tropical’ and ‘SO4’ rootstocks were those ones with the highest vigor in relation to initial shoot growth. However, ‘IAC 572 Jales’, ‘Harmony’, ‘3309 Couderc’ and ‘Gravesac’ had the best balance between initial shoot growth and root development. The ‘BRS Magna’ when grafted on rootstocks ‘IAC 313 Tropical’, ‘SO4’ and ‘101-14 MGT’ showed the highest initial development rates, while when grafted on ‘R99’, ‘R110’ and ‘420A’, it showed the lowest initial development.

Early-ripening peach cultivars present difficulties in the process of natural germination of seeds. In order to solve this problem, the culture of embryos in vitro can be considered an alternative, in which seeds find conditions to complete germination and development in a satisfactory way. Different protocols and culture media have been tested to meet the nutritional needs of the embryo, but they still have problems and need to be optimized. The objective of this work was to test culture media and BAP concentrations in order to increase the germination percentage of embryos and viable ‘BRS Kampai’ peach seedlings, avoiding possible anomalies in the process. The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Tissue Culture – “Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná”, Campus of Pato Branco. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, in 2x5 factorial, with four replicates, with plot being represented by 15 embryos. The culture media tested were MS and WPM with five BAP concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mg L-1). In the in vitro period, seed germination was evaluated through the attribution of scores, and embryo development, measuring the length of stem and main root. During the acclimatization period, seedlings were evaluated for survival, stem length, viable seedlings and rosette formation. Considering the conditions under which the experiment was conducted, it was concluded that MS culture medium with the addition of 1 mg L-1 of BAP allowed higher germination percentage and viable ‘BRS Kampai’ peach seedlings.

Key message This study contributed to the understanding of acrotony in apple cultivars in a mild winter region, contrasting high-and low-chilling requirement apple cultivars, and the role of this behavior in plant adaptability. Abstract When there is insufficient chilling accumulation during the cold season, apple trees present erratic and poor budbreak. However, there is a lack of information regarding carbohydrate metabolism and their influence on budbreak and branch architecture in apples grown in subtropical humid climates. This work aimed to evaluate budbreak and the availability of carbohydrates in distal and proximal portions of 1-year-old apple tree shoots, and to verify their relationships with axillary shoot formation in spring. Two apple cultivars 'Eva' and 'Fuji', with low and high chilling requirements, respectively, were assessed in a mild winter region of Brazil. From April to October of 2012, 2013 and 2014, 25 one-year-old shoots of each cultivar were sampled bi-weekly. These shoots were divided into distal and proximal portions. Wood from five shoots was sampled to quantify the nonstructural carbohydrate and alpha-amylase content for each portion. The single-node cutting test was used to observe mean time to budburst for the remaining 20 shoots. In generally, our results suggest that under mild winter conditions, the apple tree does not enter into deep endodormancy. Furthermore, there were biological and biochemical differences between the distal and proximal portions of the bearing-shoots for all the studied variables, likely related to the higher sink force in the distal portion. Consequently, the buds from the distal portion sprout first, thereby establishing a primigenic dominance over the buds of the proximal portion. Our study also suggests that the shallow endodormancy of high chilling requirement cultivars cultivated in mild winter regions would make paradormancy predominant, emphasizing acrotonic branching in these cultivars. There was greater availability of nonstructural carbohydrates and alpha-amylase activity in the wood of the distal portion of 1-year-bearing shoots of apple trees under mild winter conditions, regardless of the cultivar.

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Embora a produção sustentável e a agroecologia tenham relevância e vasta quantidade de artigos, há insuficiência de materiais sistemáticos que auxiliem no emprego operativo das características sustentáveis na produção. Esse trabalho traz uma base conceitual que direciona para a sistematização pragmática, no que diz respeito à produção orgânica, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica. A produção de alimentos em sistemas agroecológicos tem por princípios a adoção de práticas de uso saudável e consciente dos recursos naturais. A produção de orgânicos no Brasil vem apresentando crescimento significativo. Esse avanço está sendo possível devido ao modelo diversificado dos mecanismos de controle de qualidade para produtos de origem ecológica, uma vez que há maior acesso para o registro dos mesmos. Porém, o setor enfrenta várias dificuldades, como problemas de logística, processos burocráticos na certificação e déficit de insumos, além de carência de informações técnicas. Para que tais barreiras sejam superadas, investimentos em pesquisas científicas para aprimorar as técnicas de produção e estratégias de marketing para promoção dos alimentos orgânicos são recursos indispensáveis para o avanço do sistema. Além disso, o governo deve desenvolver políticas para ampliação da produção, oferta e consumo de produtos orgânicos para fortalecer e incentivar tal modelo produtivo.   Palavras-chaves: Alimentos Orgânicos. Certificação. Sistemas Agroecológicos, Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável.  Abstract Although sustainable production and agroecology have relevance and a vast number of articles, there is a lack of systematic materials that assist in the operational use of sustainable characteristics in production. This work provides a conceptual basis that leads to pragmatic systematization, regarding organic production, through a bibliographic review. The food production in agroecological systems is based on the adoption of healthy and conscious use of natural resources practices. Organic production in Brazil has been showing significant growth. This progress is being made possible due to the diversified model of quality control mechanisms for ecological origin products, since there is greater access to their registration. However, the sector faces several difficulties, such as logistical problems, bureaucratic processes in certification and deficit of inputs, in addition to a lack of technical information. For these barriers to be overcome, investments in scientific research to improve production techniques and marketing strategies for promoting organic food are indispensable resources for the system advancement. In addition, the government must develop policies to expand the production, supply and consumption of organic products to strengthen and encourage such a productive model.    Keywords: Organic Food. Certification. Agroecological Systems. Sustainable Rural Development.

Las bayas Physalis, de la familia Solanaceae, han alcanzado una gran aceptación en todo el mundo debido al sabor de la fruta y su posible uso medicinal. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la actividad antioxidante, las concentraciones de vitamina C, compuestos fenólicos y azúcares de frutas de dos especies de Physalis (Physalis pubescens L. y Physalis peruviana L.), así como sus variaciones durante el almacenamiento en dos temperaturas diferentes. El Physalis fue plantado en el oeste de Santa Catarina. Los frutos se cosecharon cuando las cápsulas eran de color amarillo pálido y luego se dividieron en tres grupos: frescos, refrigerados y congelados. Se evaluó el pH, sólido soluble totales, azúcares solubles totales, compuestos fenólicos, vitamina C y actividad antioxidante. Las frutas frescas de ambas especies presentaron mejores resultados para la mayoría de los parámetros analizados en comparación con las frutas refrigeradas y congeladas. La actividad antioxidante fue mayor en las frutas frescas para las dos especies de Physalis, experimentando una disminución cuando se acondiciona a bajas temperaturas. Los beneficios antioxidantes y los compuestos nutracéuticos se aprovechan mejor cuando las frutas se consumen frescas sin ningún proceso de almacenamiento a bajas temperaturas.