Although small fruits, with some exceptions, are not yet as popular in Brazil, some farmers have invested in this market and the genus Physalis can be an important alternative source of income due to its high added value and possibility of cultivation in small areas. To date, there are no specific fertilizer recommendations for even the most cultivated species (Physalis peruviana) and therefore the goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilization on quality of fruits of Physalis peruviana and Physalis pubescens. Plants were grown in 5 L pots containing soil and maintained in a controlled environment, in greenhouse. Treatments consisted of five N levels (kg ha

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The cultivation of small fruits has been increasing with good economic returns, and among these, the genus Physalis has been an important alternative source of income due to the high value and possibility of cultivation in small areas. However, there is not established fertilization for this crop and considering that nitrogen is one of the most limiting nutrients for the growth and development of plants, this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic aspects of two species of Physalis submitted to different N doses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design, using two species (Physalis pubescens and P. peruviana) and five N doses (0, 200, 250, 300 and 350 kg ha-1), and seven replications. The plant height, dry mass of aerial part and roots, the number of branches, root length, yield and average fruit mass were evaluated. In these experimental conditions, it was observed that for P. peruviana the dose of 250 kg ha-1 N resulted in a greater yield of fruit per plant, as for P. pubescens the dose of 350 kg ha-1 N showed a more efficient performance.

Obtaining cells of Physalis pubescens is of interest for studies of primary and secondary metabolic pathways, in the search for new active molecules. Our objectives were to evaluate the regeneration potential of explants from different parts of the plant, growth regulators to be used, and the determination of the growth curve of the callus. We used explants of leaf, root, stem and petiole, cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine and naphthaleneacetic acid. The explants from stem and petiole had a higher regeneration potential of the shoot to the treatment with 0.5 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine, and the explants of leave and root emitted more roots, with lower production of callus. The tests showed that the regeneration of the whole plant should be done in two steps: cultivation for shoot regeneration and transplantation to a new rooting medium. The growth of callus showed five distinct phases, with accumulation of phenols in the final stages of growth. The levels of soluble sugars increased with age, while reducing sugars showed variations, with higher concentrations in the initial stages of cultivation, with fall and rise again at the final evaluation (28 th day).