RESUMO. Avaliou-se, prospectivamente, o manejo dos sistemas de drenagem torácica fechada em pacientes adultos no Hospital Universitário de Maringá, Estado do Paraná, no período de dez meses. Foram acompanhadas 90 drenagens em 75 pacientes. Predominou a causa traumática em pacientes jovens como determinante de indicação da drenagem pleural (61/90, 68%). A falta do curativo em meso e contrameso, como fixação complementar do dreno, foi a ocorrência isolada mais comum no manejo, sendo encontrado rotineiramente em 20% (18/90). A presença de obstrução (por dobramento, sifonagem, coágulo ou fibrina) esteve presente em 12% das drenagens (11/90) e complicações (enfisema subcutâneo, infecção, deslocamento acidental, pneumotórax na retirada do dreno) em 21% (20/90). O manejo apropriado da drenagem torácica reduz a morbidade associada ao método. Esta pesquisa ressalta a importância do treinamento continuado e do estabelecimento de manuais que padronizem condutas para os profissionais da saúde que manejam o sistema de drenagem torácica.Palavras-chave: drenagem, tubos torácicos, toracostomia, cavidade pleural, cirurgia torácica.ABSTRACT. Care with the thoracic drainage system in adults at the Universitary Hospital of Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil. The handling of adults' closed thoracic drainage systems at the University Hospital of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil during a 10-month period was prospectively evaluated. Ninety thoracic drainages in 75 patients were analyzed. Traumatic causes in young patients determined pleural drainage (61/90, 68%). The absence of an omental tag of tape as a complementary tube fixation was the most common, albeit isolated case, occurrence in the procedure. In fact, it has been routinely found in 20% (18/90) of cases. Whereas tube obstruction (due to kinking, siphoning, clotting or fibrin) was detected in 12% (11/90) of drainage cases, drainage complications (subcutaneous emphysema, infection, accidental dislodgement, pneumothorax following chest tube removal) occurred in 21% (20/90) of cases. Adequate handling of tube thoracostomy reduces morbidity related to this procedure. Current research enhances the importance of continuous training and of textbooks that would standardize procedures for health teams whose role involves interventions in the thoracic drainage system.
ABSTRACT. The purpose of chest drainage is to allow lung re-expansion and the reestablishment of the subatmospheric pressure in the pleural space. Properly managing the drainage system minimizes procedure-related complications. This prospective observational study evaluated adult patients undergoing water-seal chest drainage, admitted to our hospital and accompanied by residents and tutors, aiming to check their care. One hundred chest drainages were monitored. The average age was 38.8 years old. The average drainage time was 6.7 days. Trauma was the prevalent cause (72%) for the indication of pleural drainage. The obstruction of the system occurred in 6% of the cases; 5% subcutaneous emphysema, 1% infection around the drain; 5% accidental dislodgement of the drain, and in 5% of the patients, there were some complications when removing the drain. Failures in chest drainage technique and management were present, and reflected in some complications that are inherent to the procedure, although it is known that there are intrinsic complications. This study aimed to assess the management of closed chest drainage systems and standardize the care provided in such procedure.Keywords: chest drainage, chest tubes, thoracostomy, thoracic surgery.Protocolo institucional para padronizar cuidados com o dreno de tórax, desde a intervenção cirúrgica até os cuidados de enfermagem, em hospital regional do norte do Paraná RESUMO. O objetivo da drenagem torácica é possibilitar a reexpansão pulmonar e o restabelecimento da pressão subatmosférica no espaço pleural. O manejo adequado do sistema de drenagem minimiza as complicações relacionadas ao procedimento. O presente estudo observacional prospectivo avaliou pacientes adultos submetidos à drenagem torácica em selo d'água, internados em nosso hospital e acompanhados por médicos residentes e preceptores, com o objetivo de verificar o manejo com eles. Foram observadas 100 drenagens torácicas. A faixa etária média foi de 38,8 anos. O tempo médio de drenagem foi de 6,7 dias. Houve predomínio da causa traumática (72%) na indicação de drenagem pleural. A obstrução do sistema esteve presente em 6% dos casos; em 5%, houve enfisema subcutâneo; em 1%, infecção peridreno; em 5%, deslocamento acidental do dreno e, em 5% dos pacientes, houve complicação na retirada do dreno. Falhas na técnica e no manejo de drenagem torácica estão presentes em nosso serviço, refletidas em algumas complicações inerentes ao procedimento, embora saibamos que haja complicações que lhe são intrínsecas. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o manejo dos sistemas de drenagem torácica fechada e padronizar o protocolo para os cuidados com esse procedimento.
Objective: To assess the effect of repeated extracorporeal shock waves (ESW) on the apoptosis of renal parenchyma in normal and diabetic rats by the caspase-3 expression. Materials and methods: 80 rats were assigned for ESW (Direx Tripter X1® -14 KVA) to one of three groups with 50% rats with diabetes (A) and 50% normal (B) in each: G1 (n = 40): no ESW; G2 (n = 20): one ESW; G3 (n = 20): two ESWin an interval of 14 days. The animals were sacrificed 3 days after the ESW and samples of the renal parenchyma were histologically prepared, stained by the caspase-3 cleavage immunohistochemical method, and the apoptotic index (ApIn) was calculated by computer program Image Pro-Plus V 4,5,1 Media Cybernetics® ( ApIn = number of apoptotic cells in the microscopic section / total cells in the microscopic section). Results: There was no statistical difference in ApIn of normal rats with one ESW (8.4 ± 0.2) or two ESW (9.1 ± 0.3) and both were similar to the control group with no ESW (7.9 ± 0.2). The ApIn of diabetic rats with one ESW (7.4 ± 0.3) was similar to the normal rats with one or two ESW. On the other hand, the ApIn was statistically higher in diabetic rats with two ESW (11.9 ± 0.4) than in diabetic rats with one ESW (7.4 ± 0.3). Conclusions: The ApIn of normal rats with a single (2,000 SW) or repeated ESW (4,000 SW) was similar to the control animals without any ESW. In diabetic rats, the repeated ESW (4,000 SW) may result in an additional risk of tissue damage expressed by the higher ApIn.
Objective: to evaluate the care for victims of traffic accidents by on call emergency physicians and/or surgeons in the emergency room. Methods: we conducted a retrospective, descriptive and exploratory study on the care for traffic accidents victims in the urban area of Maringá-PR, between July 2013 and July 2014 in reference hospitals. We assessed demographics and vocational training through a questionnaire sent to the attending physicians. Results: of the 688 records evaluated, 99% of patients had a prehospital Revised Trauma Score of 12. Statistical analysis showed that in the cases conducted by the emergency physicians (n=187), the recording of the Glasgow Coma Scale and the performance of surgical procedures were less common, whereas the recording of blood pressure values was performed in greater numbers when compared with cases led by surgeons (n=501). There was a statistically significant relationship (p<0.01) between the length of hospital stay and surgical specialty, with a greater chance (crude OR=28) in the period from one to six hours for the group treated by emergency doctors. Most physicians participating in the study were young, with emergency room time of up to one to two years, and with ATLS training. Among those who had attended the ATLS course, 60% did so in the last four years. Surgeons performed 73% of hospital treatments. Conclusion: in the care of traffic victims with minor injuries, the Glasgow Coma Scale, the blood pressure levels, the type of treatment in the emergency room and hospital stay had different approaches between emergency physicians and surgeons.
The use of CO(2) did not significantly affect body temperature variation in pigs subjected to pneumoperitoneum. However, CO(2) produced a temperature drop pattern different than that of compressed air, indicating that CO(2) may lead to thermoregulatory changes and influence the peripheral temperature drop.
Os animais foram submetidos a procedimento operatório sob anestesia geral para a produção de dois ferimentos padronizados em colo não preparado, usando instrumento desenvolvido para esta finalidade. O primeiro ferimento foi produzido a 2 cm do ceco e o segundo 20 cm eqüidistante deste, no sentido caudal. Estes ferimentos foram reparados obedecendo a resultado de sorteio que determinou a técnica a ser usada, se com o lado seroso da parede de jejuno ou por sutura primária. Nas duas técnicas foram usados pontos separados de fio monofilamentar de poliglecaprone 4-0 , sendo que o animal serviu de controle para si mesmo. Realizou-se eutanásia no 7º P.O. para os animais do sub-grupo A e no 30º P.O. para os animais do sub-grupo B para avaliação macroscópica e microscópica. O experimento demonstrou que é viável o uso do lado seroso da parede de jejuno para reparar ferimento em colo não preparado e apresentou resultados com tendências a serem superiores aos da sutura primária , não dual de Maringá
The repeated extracorporeal shock waves and the renal parenchyma injury on normal and diabetic ratsThe repeated extracorporeal shock waves and the renal parenchyma injury on normal and diabetic rats ABSTRACT Purpose:To assess the effect of repeated extracorporeal shock waves (ESW) on renal parenchyma of normal and diabetic rats. Methods: 40 normal rats (A) and 40 diabetic rats (B) were assigned for ESW (Direx Tripter X1 ® -14 KVA) as follow: A1/B1 and A3/B3 no ESW; A2/B2 one ESW (2,000 SW); A4/B4 two ESW (4,000 SW) in an elapsed 14 days. All the animals were sacrificed 3 days after the ESW and samples of renal parenchyma were histological prepared, stained by H&E. For each animal the frequency of hemorrhage focus (HF) in the subcapasular, interstitial and glomerulus area was calculated (porcentage) on 20 randomly histological sections. Results: No one HF was identified in all normal or diabetic animals without ESW (A1, A3 and B1, B3). In the normal rats the HF frequency was similar to one ESW (subcapsular =15%; interstitial =20% and glomerular =10%) or repetead ESW (subcapsular =25%; interstitial =20%; glomerular=10%). In diabetic rats the occurence of HF with repetead ESW was more frequent (subcapsular =40%; interstitial =30% and glomerular =10%) than with a single ESW (subcapsular =25%; interstitial =15% and glomerular =15%). Conclusion: A single ESW or a repeated ESW caused a mild and similar damage on renal cortex of normal rats. In diabetic rats the repetead ESW may result in an accumulated damage, especially with focus of hemorrhage in subcapsular and interstitial tissue and glomerulus edema. Key words: Kidney. Lithotripsy. High-Energy Shock Waves. Diabetes Mellitus. Rats. RESUMOObjetivo: Avaliar o efeito de repetidas ondas de choque extracorpóreas (OCE) sobre o parênquima renal de ratos normais e diabéticos. Métodos: 40 ratos normais e 40 ratos diabéticos foram distribuídos para aplicação de OCE (Direx Tripter X1 ® -14 KVA) como segue: A1/B1 e A3/B3 sem OCE; A2/B2 uma sessão de OCE (2000 OC); A4/B4 duas sessões de OC (4000 OC) num intervalo de 14 dias. Todos os animais foram sacrificados no 3º. dia após a aplicação da OCE e amostras de parênquima renal foram histologicamente preparados e corados em H&E. Para cada animal foi calculado, em 20 campos aleatórios, a freqüência (em porcentagem) de focos hemorrágicos (FH) nas áreas subcapsular, intersticial e glomerular. Resultados: Nenhum foco hemorrágico foi identificado nos animais normais ou diabéticos que não receberam nenhuma OCE (A1, A3 e B1, B3). Nos ratos normais a freqüência de FH foi similar com uma sessão de OCE (subcapsular =15%; intersticial =20% e glomerular =10%) ou duas sessões de OCE (subcapsular =25%; intersticial =20%; glomerular =10%). Nos ratos diabéticos a ocorrência de FH com duas sessões de OCE foi mais freqüente (subcapsular =40%; intersticial =30% e glomerular =10%) do que com uma simples sessão de OCE (subcapsular =25%; intersticial =15% e glomerular =15%). Conclusão: Uma única ou duas sessões de OCE causa um discreto e semelhante d...
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