SummaryBackground: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) has shown wide variation in different studies, depending on the population sample and the diagnostic criteria used. The prevalence of MS tends to be higher with the diagnostic criteria of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF).
Background -: The association between a sedentary lifestyle and obesity is well documented, and is linked to an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS). There is some evidence that information regarding the health benefits of physical activity is beginning to impact on the elderly people and is beginning to change their behavior. We aimed to investigate the level of physical activity undertaken by elderly people with MS and those without this condition.
Objective: To determine the existence of a relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling elders. Method: This is a cross-sectional, population-based study, which included 379 community-dwelling elders from Novo Hamburgo, state of RS, Brazil. The level of physical activity was estimated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and depressive symptoms were diagnosed according to the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale. The association between the level of physical activity and depressive symptoms was analyzed by logistic regression. Results: A tendency towards a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms was observed in individuals with higher levels of physical activity, both in the sample as a whole as well as among men, but not among women (p for linear trend 0.04, 0.03 and 0.36, respectively). The odds ratio of the presence of depressive symptoms in the very active group as compared against that of the insufficiently active group was 0.32 (95% CI: 0.12-0.86) for men and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.39-1.46) for women. Conclusion: In this population of aged individuals, more intense physical activity is related to a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms. As shown by gender stratification, physical activity is inversely related to depressive symptoms in men, albeit not in women. (p = 0,04, 0,03 e 0,36, respectivamente). O odds ratio para a presença de sintomas depressivos no grupo muito ativo, quando comparado com o grupo insuficientemente ativo, foi de 0,32 (IC 95%: 0,86) Descriptors
Recent research suggests that crack cocaine use alters systemic biochemical markers, like oxidative damage and inflammation markers, but very few studies have assessed the potential effects of crack cocaine at the cellular level. We assessed genome instability by means of the comet assay and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus technique in crack cocaine users at the time of admission to a rehabilitation clinic and at two times after the beginning of withdrawal. Thirty one active users of crack cocaine and forty control subjects were evaluated. Comparison between controls and crack cocaine users at the first analysis showed significant differences in the rates of DNA damage (p = 0.037). The frequency of micronuclei (MN) (p < 0.001) and nuclear buds (NBUDs) (p < 0.001) was increased, but not the frequency of nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) (p = 0.089). DNA damage decreased only after the end of treatment (p < 0.001). Micronuclei frequency did not decrease after treatment, and nuclear buds increased substantially. The results of this study reveal the genotoxic and mutagenic effects of crack cocaine use in human lymphocytes and pave the way for further research on cellular responses and the possible consequences of DNA damage, such as induction of irreversible neurological disease and cancer.
Introdução: O processo inflamatório desempenha um importante papel na etiologia das doenças cardiovasculares. Muitos estudos demonstram que níveis elevados de proteína C-reativa (PCR), uma proteína hepática de fase aguda, estão associados ao risco de tais eventos. Objetivos: Investigar a existência de associação entre PCR e fatores de risco cardiovascular em mulheres idosas. Material e método: Foram realizadas avaliações antropométricas, impedanciometria, verificação de pressão arterial, mensurações de perfil lipídico, glicemia em jejum e PCR. Resultados: Observou-se que a PCR esteve relacionada com índice de massa corporal (p = 0,001) e com percentual de gordura corporal (p = 0,015), não apresentando relação significativa com nenhuma outra variável estudada. Discussão: A associação entre PCR e marcadores de obesidade é consenso na literatura, podendo, no entanto, não significar verdadeira progressão da aterosclerose ou de um estado inflamatório. Em relação à inexistência de associação com os demais fatores de risco cardiovascular observada neste estudo, os dados encontrados são conflitantes. Há autores que indicam a correlação entre PCR e tais fatores; outros apontam sua inexistência. Conclusões: Este trabalho demonstra a associação da PCR a marcadores de obesidade, mas não a outros fatores de risco cardiovascular. abstract resumo Background: The inflammatory process plays an important role in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases. Several studies have shown that high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP),
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