Aim In this paper we aim to show that proportional sampling can detect species–area relationships (SARs) more effectively than uniform sampling. We tested the contribution of alpha and beta diversity in ant communities as explanations for the SAR. Location Tropical forest remnants in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil (20 °45′ S, 42 °50′ W). Methods We sampled 17 forest remnants with proportional sampling. To disentangle sampling effects from other mechanisms, species richness was fitted in a model with remnant size, number of samples (sampling effects) and an interaction term. Results A SAR was observed independent of the number of samples, discarding sampling effects. Alpha diversity was not influenced by remnant size, and beta diversity increased with remnant size; evidence to the fact that habitat diversity within remnants could be the dominant cause of the SAR. Such a relationship between beta diversity and remnant area may have also arisen due to the combined effects of territoriality and aggregation of ant species. Main conclusions The proposed model, together with proportional sampling, allowed the distinction between sampling effects and other mechanisms.
The growing demand and the degree of patient care in oncological outpatient services, as well as the complexity of treatment have had an impact on the workload of nurses. This study aimed at measuring the workload and productivity of nurses in an oncological outpatient service. An observational study using a work sampling technique was conducted and included seven nurses working in an oncological outpatient service in the south-eastern region of Brazil. A total of 1,487 intervention or activity samples were obtained. Nurses used 43.2% of their time on indirect care, 33.2% on direct care, 11.6% on associated activities, and 12% on personal activities. Their mean productivity was 88.0%. The findings showed that nurses in this service spend most of their time in indirect care activities. Moreover, the productivity index in this study was above that recommended in the literature. RESUMEnLa creciente demanda y el volumen de atención en los consultorios externos de oncología, así como la complejidad del tratamiento han causado impacto en la carga de trabajo de los enfermeros. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo medir la carga de trabajo y la productividad de los enfermeros en un consultorio externo de oncología. Estudio observacional, utilizando la técnica de muestreo de trabajo, fue realizado en un servicio de consultorio externo de oncología en la región sur-este de Brasil, donde participaron siete enfermeros. Fueron recolectadas 1.487 muestras de intervenciones o actividades. Se observó que el 43,2% del tiempo de los enfermeros fue consumido en cuidados indirectos, 33,2% en cuidados directos, 11,6% en actividades asociadas y 12,0% en actividades personales. La productividad promedio correspondió al 88,0%. Los hallazgos permitieron concluir que los enfermeros del servicio de consultorios externos de oncología consumieron la mayor parte de su tiempo en actividades de cuidados indirectos. Reveló, además, un índice de productividad superior a aquellos recomendados en la literatura.
Objectives: identify the interventions/activities nurses develop at a Chemotherapy Center (CTC) using standardized language and validate their contents. Method: data triangulation was used through the combination of three information sources: semistructured interview, document analysis and questionnaire. The instrument, constructed in accordance with the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) taxonomy, was submitted to content validation through meetings with the participants. Results: Thirty-five interventions and 48 activities were mapped and validated, organized in five domains (physiological: basic and physiological: complex, behavioral, safety and health system) and 11 classes. Conclusion: The identification of nurses' interventions/activities at CTC supports the determination of the time consumed and permits measuring the workload. It also helps to define these professionals' role, which permits the redesign of the work process and optimizes productivity.
-Coffee plants have domatia on their leaves harboring mites, and the predatory mites can also use such structures. Here we evaluated the effect of the domatia on the predatory mite Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma, manipulating these structures on the leaves of Coffea arabica L. var. Catuaí. The tests were done using arenas made of coffee leaves placed up side down inside petri dishes. The survivorship of I. zuluagai was evaluated when released on leaves with closed domatia (T1); leaves with open domatia plus prey (T2) and leaves with open domatia without prey (T3). The experiment was checked every 24h, measuring the number of alive adults, oviposition site and the number of I. zuluagai eggs/treatment. Significant difference was found between treatments. Mites were alive until the end of the experiments on leaves with open domatia (T2 and T3), which did not happen on leaves with closed domatia (T1). The predators oviposited preferentially inside the domatia on treatments with open domatia, and on the edge of the leaves, next to the moist cotton bordering the leaves, on the treatment with closed domatia. The results indicate the role of domatia on the survivorship of the predators on the coffee plants, suggesting a possible mutualist interactions plant-predator. On coffee crops, a mutualistic plant-predator interaction mediated by domatia could be used in practices of natural biological control, selecting coffee plants with domatia to harbor predatory mites and thereby protecting plants against harmful herbivore mites.KEY WORDS: Biological control, plant-predator mutualism, coffee plant RESUMO -Os cafeeiros apresentam domácias em suas folhas que abrigam ácaros, inclusive ácaros predadores que podem também fazer uso dessas estruturas. Neste estudo foi avaliado o efeito das domácias sobre o predador Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma, através da manipulação dessas estruturas em folhas de Coffea arabica L. var. Catuaí. Os testes foram realizados em arenas constituídas por folhas de cafeeiro com a face abaxial voltada para cima. Foi avaliada a sobrevivência de I. zuluagai em folhas com domácias fechadas (T1); domácias abertas contendo alimento (T2) e domácias abertas vazias (T3). Foram feitas observações a cada 24h, contabilizando-se o número de adultos vivos, local de oviposição e quantidade de ovos de I. zuluagai / tratamento. Foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos. Nas folhas com domácias abertas (T2 e T3) foram encontrados ácaros vivos até o final do experimento, não ocorrendo o mesmo nas folhas com domácias fechadas (T1). No que se refere à oviposição de I. zuluagai, nos tratamentos em que as domácias se encontravam abertas (T2 e T3), o ácaro ovipositou preferencialmente dentro destas estruturas, enquanto nas folhas com domácias fechadas a oviposição foi feita preponderantemente à margem das folhas em contato com o algodão úmido. Os resultados indicam a importância das domácias como fonte de sobrevivência para os ácaros predadores nas plantas, sugerindo uma interação mutualí...
A apicultura é uma atividade econômica que utiliza o ambiente natural, sem desflorestar, e promove o serviço de polinização de espécies cultivadas em ambiente antrópico. Objetivou-se analisar a produção de mel nos biomas mato-grossenses Amazônia, Cerrado e Pantanal, no período 2002 a 2011. As informações de produção de mel por município foram obtidas em bancos de dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). A delimitação dos municípios por bioma foi definida de acordo com o IBGE. A produção de mel foi maior na Amazônia, com 46,88% da produção estadual, e houve a participação de 58 municípios desse bioma; o Cerrado produziu 42% do mel do Estado, com a participação de 50 municípios produtores; e o Pantanal, por sua vez, produziu 10,82% do mel, com oito municípios. Conclui-se que os biomas mato-grossenses apresentaram potencial apícola, com maior capacidade produtiva no Pantanal, devido à maior produtividade.
ResumoO estudo objetivou verifi car o processo de sedimentação no corredor fl uvial do rio Paraguai entre o Furado do Touro e Passagem Velha, no município de Cáceres no Estado Mato Grosso, e avaliar a evolução das feições morfológicas da planície de inundação nos últimos 37 anos. O desenvolvimento do estudo seguiu algumas etapas: trabalhos de campo para instrumentação, monitoramento, coletas de sedimentos; mapeamento espaço temporal das feições morfológicas da calha e planície do rio Paraguai, utilizando-se de imagens MSS (LANDSAT 1) para o período entre 1973 e 2010 e análise granulométrica dos sedimentos. A largura da calha variou entre 48,5 a 198,16 m. Nos sedimentos de fundo predomina areia média. Na planície houve maior sedimentação de silte (variando entre 4.267,87 a 5.066,89 kg/m²). AbstractThe study aimed to verify the sedimentation process in the Paraguay River's corridor (gutter and the food plain) between the Furado do Touro e Passagem Velha, Cáceres -Mato v. 13, nº 4 (2012) www.ugb.org.br Revista Brasileira de Geomorfologia
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