OBJECTIVES: Betanin and copper sulphate have been previously indicated as benefi cial agents for ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) as antioxidant compounds in various models. We investigated whether betanin and copper have any protective effects on the heart and lung against I/R injury in rats. METHODS: Spraque-Dawley rats were assigned in groups: Sham (laparotomy only), control (I/R only), betanin treatment (100 mg/kg of betanin administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) 60 minutes before I/R) and copper sulfate treatment group (0.1 mg/kg/day copper sulfate i.p. for 7 days before I/R). Ischemia was induced by clamping the aorta between the left renal artery and aortic bifurcation for 45 minutes. After 48hour reperfusion, the rats were sacrifi ced and heart/lung tissues were harvested. Malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were determined. Apoptosis was determined via TUNEL assay. RESULTS: MDA, MPO, IL-6 levels and apoptotic cells were signifi cantly increased in the I/R group. In both treatment groups, MDA and MPO levels were decreased. IL-6 was signifi cantly decreased in response to betanin administration in the heart, but not in the lung; copper had no effect in either area. The numbers of apoptotic cells were signifi cantly decreased in both treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Betanin and copper may have protective effects on I/R injury in the heart and lung in rats (Fig. 6, Ref. 39).

Context: Both copper and betanin have been implicated as having significant bioactivity against ischemic damage in a variety of experimental and clinical settings. The aim of this study is to investigate whether betanin and copper have any protective effect on spinal cord in an ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model in rats. Design: Spraque-Dawley rats were used in four groups: Sham group (n = 7), control group (laparotomy and cross-clamping of aorta, n = 7), betanin treatment group (dosage of 100 mg/kg of betanin administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) 60 min before laparotomy, n = 7), copper sulfate treatment group (administered copper sulfate i.p. at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg/day for 7 days before laparotomy, n = 7). Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) assay was also performed to evaluate apoptosis.

ÖZBu çalışmada 2017 yılında Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Hayvan Sağlığı Eğitim, Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesine femur kırığı şikâyeti ile getirilen buzağılarda kırık oluşum nedeni, kırığın lokalizasyonu ve sağaltım yöntemleri ile sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Hayvan materyalini farklı cins ve ırklara ait 13 adet yeni doğan buzağı oluşturdu. Kırık etiyolojileri belirlendikten sonra kırık lokalizasyonu ve tipi saptanarak yapılacak sağaltım yöntemi planlandı. Operasyonlar subaraknoid anestezi altında gerçekleştirildi. Kırık fiksasyonu için 9 olguda retrograd pin, 1 olguda plaka uygulaması gerçekleştirildi. Yeni doğan buzağılarda kırığın en çok (%53.84) güç doğuma bağlı bilinçsiz yaklaşım veya kriko kullanımına bağlı geliştiği tespit edildi. Suprakondüler ve orta diafizer oblik kırıkların eşit oranda ve diğer kırık tiplerine göre daha yaygın (%30.76) görüldüğü belirlendi. Buzağıların postoperatif dönemde kısa süre (2.3 gün) içerisinde ilgili ekstremitelerini kullandıkları görüldü. Yeni doğan buzağılarda karşılaşılan femur kırıklarının tedavisinde intramedullar pinleme ile %88.88 oranında başarı elde edilebileceği tespit edildi. ABSTRACTIn this study, it was aimed to evaluate the results of fracture formation, fracture localization and treatment methods and results of the fractures brought to the Hospital of Kafkas University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Research and Practice Hospital between 2017 by complaint of femur fracture. The animal material consisted of 13 newborn calves belonging to different sex and breeds. After the etiology of the fractures, the localization of the fracture and type was determined, treatment were planned. Operations were performed under subarachnoid anesthesia. For fracture fixation, ıt was conducted in 9 cases retrograde pin and 1 case of plate application. It was found that the most developed (53.84%) of the fractures in newborn calves were due to forced extraction during dystocia. Supracondylar and mid diafizer oblique fractures were found equally and more common (30.76%) in comparison with other types of fractures. It was observed that the calves used the relevant limbs within a short period of time (2.3 days) in the postoperative period. In the treatment of femur fractures encountered in newborn calves, intramedullary pinning was found to be a success rate of 88.88%.

This study aimed to clinically evaluate the results achieved by using tendon transposition to treat postinjection peroneal paralysis in calves. The study material consisted of 23 calves in all of which the clinical history indicated the problem had occurred within 1-3 days of intramuscular injection. Each patient was administered medical treatment for three weeks. After that, a decision was made to perform tendon transposition in all the subjects because their prognosis was estimated to be poor. The owners of five of the calves did not agree to the operation, and so, medical treatment was continued. Following intrathecal anaesthesia, the vastus lateralis muscle was dissected at the insertion, and the musculus (m) extensor (ext) digitalis (dig) longus and m fibularis tertius were dissected at the origin in 18 calves. The tendon ends were joined by using the locking loop suture technique in the 18 calves. Follow-up after two to three months revealed hind limb use in all surgically treated calves, while the medically treated calves had to be slaughtered because of lameness and decubitus. The results of the present study suggest that the peroneal paralysis of calves can be successfully treated by a tendon transposition technique.

In this study, we aimed to compare and correlate the PCNA, MMP-9 and p53 expressions and differentiation degree of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinomas (BOSCCs) by immunohistochemical methods. The material of this study was composed of BOSCC biopsy samples taken from 30 cattle brought to our department. Tissue samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, processed routinely, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5 μm, and stained with hematoxylin & eosin in order to detect histopathological changes. Sections were examined and photographed under a light microscope. Avidin-biotin-peroxidase method was used for immunohistochemistry. Macroscopically the masses were nodular to cauliflower-like shaped. The surfaces of the masses were highly hemorrhagic and ulcerative, and sometimes covered with a purulent discharge. Histopathologically, we defined cases with excessive and large numbers of keratin pearls, large tumoral islands, and evident squamous differentiation as well-differentiated. Cases with smaller tumoral islets, decreased number and size of keratin pearls, but higher number of poorly-differentiated cells compared to well-differentiated cases were defined as moderately-differentiated. Tumors in which keratinization was either absent or formed in individual cells were classified as poorly-differentiated. Statistical analysis revealed that there was no significant difference between well, moderately, and poorly differentiated tumors in terms of PCNA and MMP-9 expressions, but we found that the increase in p53 expression negatively correlated with the degree of differentiation of the tumor. In conclusion, we think that p53 can be a useful marker in determining the prognosis of BOSCCs.