In this study, we aimed to compare and correlate the PCNA, MMP-9 and p53 expressions and differentiation degree of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinomas (BOSCCs) by immunohistochemical methods. The material of this study was composed of BOSCC biopsy samples taken from 30 cattle brought to our department. Tissue samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, processed routinely, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5 μm, and stained with hematoxylin & eosin in order to detect histopathological changes. Sections were examined and photographed under a light microscope. Avidin-biotin-peroxidase method was used for immunohistochemistry. Macroscopically the masses were nodular to cauliflower-like shaped. The surfaces of the masses were highly hemorrhagic and ulcerative, and sometimes covered with a purulent discharge. Histopathologically, we defined cases with excessive and large numbers of keratin pearls, large tumoral islands, and evident squamous differentiation as well-differentiated. Cases with smaller tumoral islets, decreased number and size of keratin pearls, but higher number of poorly-differentiated cells compared to well-differentiated cases were defined as moderately-differentiated. Tumors in which keratinization was either absent or formed in individual cells were classified as poorly-differentiated. Statistical analysis revealed that there was no significant difference between well, moderately, and poorly differentiated tumors in terms of PCNA and MMP-9 expressions, but we found that the increase in p53 expression negatively correlated with the degree of differentiation of the tumor. In conclusion, we think that p53 can be a useful marker in determining the prognosis of BOSCCs.

This study aimed to evaluate the expression of PCNA, p53, MMP-9, Vimentin and S100 immunohistochemically and determine the aggressiveness in diagnosis of bovine melanomas. The material of this study consisted of melanoma biopsy samples taken from 10 cattle brought to our department. Tissue samples from cattle were fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution. After routine procedures paraffin blocks were cut sections of 5 μm thickness. For bleaching, some heavily pigmented tumour sections were deparaffinized, hydrated, and incubated in 10% solution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 5 hours at 65 o C until sections appeared clear and Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining was applied to the sections to detect histopathological changes. Sections were examined and photographed under a light microscope. Avidin-Biotin Peroxidase was used as the immunohistochemical method. We observed that the tumoral mass was solitary, firm, hairless, oval-round shaped and quite large. We detected spindle and epithelioid type tumoral cells containing a lot of large brownish-black granular melanin pigments in their cytoplasm. All melanoma cases were immune positive for S100, Vimentin, PCNA, p53 and MMP-9 expressions. In conclusion, we think that these immunohistochemical markers are quite convenient in evaluating the prognosis and diagnosis of bovine melanomas.

Otofaji, hücresel homeostazda rol oynayan fizyolojik bir süreçtir. Bununla birlikte, otofajik anomaliler kanser, nörodejeneratif hastalıklar ve kardiyovasküler hastalıklar gibi birçok patolojik durumla ilişkilidir. Rottlerin, otofajinin hastalıklarla ilişkisini değerlendirmek için kullanılabilecek ve tedavi stratejilerinde uygulanabilecek önemli bir otofaji aktivatörüdür. Ancak literatürde sıçanlarda otofajinin aktive edilmesinde bu molekülün dozları ile ilgili herhangi bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Rottlerin'in sıçanlarda otofaji üzerindeki etkili doz düzeyinin araştırılmasıdır.Yöntemler: Yirmi dört rat, her biri altı rat içeren dört gruba ayrıldı. Grup I'e (kontrol grubu) Rottlerin'in çözücüsü (DMSO) verildi. Grup II, III ve IV'e, sırasıyla, 0,5, 2 ve 4 mg/kg Rottlerin intraperitoneal olarak uygulandı. Ratların kalp dokuları otofajik vakuol, LC3B seviyeleri ve anti-LC3B boyanma paterni açısından incelendi. Ayrıca, kan örneklerinde LC3B seviyeleri ölçüldü.Bulgular: Kalp dokularında otofajik vakuol, LC3B düzeyleri ve anti-LC3B boyanma paternleri açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı bir farklılık yoktu. Rottlerin dozu arttıkça, serum LC3B seviyelerinde artış eğilimi gözlendi; ancak, farklılıklar istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi.Sonuçlar: Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmanın bulgularına göre, ratlarda Rottlerin kullanılarak kalp dokusunda otofajiyi aktive etmek için mevcut dozların ve/veya uygulama süresinin artırılması gerektiği görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte, serum sonuçları, farklı dokularda otofajik aktivitenin artmış olabileceğini göstermektedir.