Significant relationships between seed shape and taxonomic status, geographical origin (country or region) of accessions and parentage of varieties are highlighted, as previously noted based on genetic approaches. The combination of the analysis of modern reference material and well-preserved archaeological seeds provides original data about the history of ancient cultivated forms, some of them morphologically close to the current 'Clairette' and 'Mondeuse blanche' cultivars. Archaeobiological records seem to confirm the complexity of human contact, exchanges and migrations which spread grapevine cultivation in Europe and in Mediterranean areas, and argue in favour of the existence of local domestication in the Languedoc (southern France) region during Antiquity.
The large data set assembled during recent years by preventive archaeology allows us to put forward this synthesis on cultural practices and farming, during the Roman period, in the territory under the influence of Béziers and Lodève. We concentrate first on the advances made recently by local archaeology, on the rural establishments excavated, their winemaking equipments and their links with pottery workshops (amphorae and dolia). This is followed by details on the surviving remains of vineyards and orchards (plantation pits), combined with the information provided by the archaeobotanical data which help us recognize the diversity of natural habitats and the multiple facets of the agrarian economy. This synthesis concludes by emphasizing the importance of the flourishing wine production between the end of the 1st century B. C. and the beginning of the 3rd century A. D. and highlights the diversity of situations and the exploitation of mixed crops (annuals + fruit trees/ shrubs).
and Termini Roman villae, wine-pr esses, wine-cellars, dolia, inscriptions on dolia, vineyards, planting holes. Résumé. En moyenne vallée du Rhône, le Tricastin à livré de nombreux indices de viticulture antique. Plusieurs villae viticoles possèdent des fouloirs, des pressoirs et des celliers. La plus importante, celle du Molard, est dotée de deux fouloirs, quatre pressoirs et d'un cellier d'une contenance de 2 500 hectolitres. Outre ces exploitations reconnues par les fouilles, les prospections archéologiques et surtout l'archéologie de sauvetage ont livré des traces plus fugaces comme des fosses de plantations. Tous ces indices sont corroborés par les données de la paléobotanique. Ces observations permettent de débattre sur le problème de la superficie et du rendement des domaines, ainsi que sur celui des circuits commerciaux qui expliquent la présence dans ce secteur d'une production viticole de masse pendant la seconde moitié du Ier s. et au début du IIe s. après J.-C.
À partir de travaux de carto-interprétation, de sondages archéologiques et de collectes de travaux anciens, le tracé de la voie d'Agrippa entre Montélimar et Orange est ici repris et discuté. Par ailleurs, l'analyse des documents planimétriques (cartes anciennes et photographies aériennes) et les résultats de plusieurs opérations archéologiques permettent de proposer un réseau de chemins probablement actifs dès l'Antiquité. Mots-clés : voie d'Agrippa, vallée du Rhône, analyse cartographique, centuriation B d'Orange, itinéraires antiques.
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