As the vital part of lithium ion batteries, conductive additives play important roles in the electrochemical performance of lithium ion batteries. They construct a conductive percolation network to increase and keep the electronic conductivity of electrode, enabling it charge and discharge faster. In addition, conductive additives absorb and retain electrolyte, allowing an intimate contact between the lithium ions and active materials. Carbon nanomaterials are carbon black, Super P, acetylene black, carbon nanofibers, and carbon nanotubes, which all have superior properties such as low weight, high chemical inertia and high specific surface area. They are the ideal conductive additives for lithium ion batteries. This review will discuss some registered patents and relevant papers about the carbon nanomaterials that are used as conductive additives in cathode or anode to improve the electrochemical performance of lithium ion batteries.

The interfacial structures of trans-stilbene (TSB) on Ag/Ge(111)-( 3 × 3)R30°were studied by lowtemperature scanning tunneling microscopy (LT-STM) in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). Stilbene overlayers were prepared by vapor deposition at a substrate temperature of 200 K and imaged after the samples were cooled to 100 K. High-resolution images allow the identification of individual molecules, with TSB appearing with a distinctive dumbbell shape. From in situ observation of the substrate lattice, the TSB monolayers were found to form a (2 × 1) structure. Due to the excellent matching of unit cell length for Ag/Ge( 111)-( 3 × 3)R30°to the molecular length of TSB, the interaction between TSB and the substrate surface plays the controlling role in influencing the structure of the TSB overlayers. A model for the unit cell of TSB monolayers is proposed and discussed.

For the first time sodium alginate is used to improve the stability of oil body emulsions against salt, pH and freeze–thaw cycling.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract