A fuller understanding of the involvement of mitochondria in cases of infertility linked to ovarian ageing would contribute to a better management of the disorder in the future.

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Despite small sample size limitations, 12 genes deregulated in the CRC of DOR patients were identified, which could be involved in DOR pathogenesis. A DOR patient's subgroup with high baseline E(2) levels and deregulated estrogen-responsive genes was also identified.

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Objectives: To relate preoperative cervical length, operative findings, postoperative cervical length and pregnancy outcome in high risk women treated with ultrasound indicated cervical cerclage to establish if it was possible to determine the most appropriate criteria to offer cervical cerclage. Study design: A prospective observational study of 305 high risk women undergoing serial transvaginal ultrasonographic assessment of cervical length during the second trimester. Fifty-four women met criteria for cerclage (cervical length <15 mm, significant progressive shortening to <25 mm or funneling >50%). Data concerning preoperative cervical length, operative findings, postoperative cervical length and pregnancy outcome was collected, and analyzed data is expressed as median values. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact and Mann-Whitney U-tests. Results: Gestation at delivery was 37 AE 5 weeks, suture insertion to delivery interval was 115 days and overall fetal survival rate was 85.2%. Median preoperative cervical length was 15.0 mm. Median gestation at suture insertion was 19 AE 5 weeks. There was a significant increase in postoperative cervical length 15.0 vs. 25.0 mm (P < 0.0001). Fetal membranes were visible in 19% of cases at the time of surgery, this occurred in 75, 5, and 0% cases with a cervical length <10, 11-15 and >15 mm, respectively. Overall outcome was considerably worse for those cases with visible membranes at the time of surgery than for those with no visible membranes (gestation at delivery 23 AE 0 vs. 38 AE 2 weeks (P ¼ 0.002), suture insertion to delivery interval 17 vs. 122 days (P < 0.0001), fetal survival rates 50 vs. 93% (P ¼ 0.0005)). This finding was regardless of preoperative cervical length (of all women with preoperative cervical length <15 mm (n ¼ 31) gestation at delivery 25 AE 1 vs. 35 AE 5 (P ¼ 0.008), suture insertion to delivery interval 17 vs. 119 days (P ¼ 0.0005), fetal survival rate 50 vs. 90%). Conclusions: In a high risk population undergoing serial transvaginal ultrasound surveillance of cervical length, regardless of preoperative cervical length, the presence of visible membranes at the time of suture insertion is associated with a poor outcome. Fetal membranes were not visible in any case with a preoperative cervical length >15 mm. These findings support a concept of cervical cerclage at a cervical length of 15 mm. CEO-02The prediction of spontaneous preterm birth in women with threatened preterm labor using transvaginal ultrasound of the cervixPurpose: This study was to determine if cervical parameters, as assessed by transvaginal ultrasound, were predictive of spontaneous preterm birth in women following an episode of threatened preterm labor (TPL). Methods: Women with a singleton pregnancy (20-34 weeks gestation) and intact membranes were enrolled following admission for TPL. The transvaginal ultrasound assessment of the cervix was performed when uterine activity had ceased. Only the ultrasound relating to the episode of suspected preterm labor is re...

We found no mutations in the ZP genes sequenced. Only some polymorphisms present in the control group and in the general population were detected, excluding their specific involvement in the phenotype observed. Thus, although we suspected that complete oocyte lysis was due to a genetic cause, it did not seem possible to directly incriminate the genes encoding the proteins of the ZP in the observed phenotype. Further study of the genes involved in the processing and organization of ZP glycoproteins may allow elucidation of the mechanism underlying recurrent oocyte lysis during in vitro fertilization.

Objective To evaluate the learning curve and principal learning steps for a novice ultrasound operator to master the technique for measuring cervical length by transvaginal ultrasound. Subjects and methods