CIDI-SF is a cost-effective instrument and could be easily integrated into health surveys; its performance values are better across languages than values proposed by the CIS-R and could be increased by inclusion of few additional information.

In France, prisoners can be employed in building sites controlled by the penitentiary system but outside the prison. Prisoners involved in these special sentence-serving conditions were asked to fill out questionnaires testing their self-esteem, attitudes toward conformist and nonconformist behavior, attributions about their crime, and the locus of control. In this article, Weiner's attributional theory of motivation and emotion is discussed. In addition to the three basic dimensions he proposed-locus of control, stability, and controllability-the contribution of self-esteem is examined. The answers given by these prisoners were compared with answers provided by prisoners in jail. The results may have implications for the treatment of criminal and delinquent behavior, because knowledge of prisoners' attributions and beliefs about whether people are capable of changing their own behavior can help social workers, judges, therapists, and prison wardens achieve more successful psychological rehabilitation in prisoners.Some data are now available for approaching criminal and delinquent acts from a cognitive standpoint. It has been shown, for example, that cognitive factors can act as mediators of anxiety and aggressive behavior (Bandura, 1983;Beck, 1976). Research suggests that there may be a variety of factors behind any offence. According to Debuyst (1985), all crimes involve an attribution process. In an attempt to understand the cognitions underlying crime and delinquency, it is hypothesized here that there is an attribution style specific to criminals, one that could even predispose an individual to different and specific types of delinquent behavior. However, not only can we approach criminal acts from a cognitive point of view, we can also take a cognitive, or more precisely a sociocognitive, approach to the processes likely to change the way confirmed criminals perceive social behavior, including their own prior delinquent acts. The present study was conducted in this framework: It looks at the bases of the process of internalization of values in prisoners.Attribution theories are aimed at understanding how individuals explain their own behavior and the behavior of others. The explanations in question are a posteriori, that is, they explain events (behaviors and also reinforcements) that have already occurred. Accordingly, individuals can attribute an action to the actors themselves (internal attribution), or they can consider the source of the action to lie in situational factors (external attribution)

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Placement in child protection services, or becoming a child in care, is associated with a disproportionate involvement in youth and adult criminal justice systems. While there is not extensive research on this relationship, there is evidence that many children in care have risk profiles consistent with criminal justice involvement. This article provides an overview of the prevalence of exposure to risk factors related to mental health, education, and antisocial behaviour among children in care, in addition to risk factors that are distinctive to those placed in child protection services. A recent large cohort dataset from British Columbia, Canada, is utilized to examine these risk profiles. Recommendations to identify those involved in child protection services most at risk for criminal justice involvement, with the use of risk management instruments such as the Cracow Instrument, are discussed. In addition, several other important policy themes regarding diagnostic and case management challenges are explored.