Alternation is a generic term gathering many training situations in which firms play a part. In school based vocational training it was introduced in 1979 with educational sequences for the "CAP" and "BEP" (basic certifications) created by the Minister, Mr Beullac. It had a great expansion in 1985 with the creation of vocational "Baccalauréats" requiring training periods in companies. But twenty years later the issue of the institutionalization of the relations is not clear yet. These relations are dissymetric : schools initiate these "training periods", give them a formal organization and validate them. Firms respond on a voluntary basis, providing tutors whose work is neither valued nor recognized by the firm. The extension of alternation is not rooted in an institutionalization which legitimates its role in training and certification.
Les termes tutorat ou fonctions Morales appartiennent au langage
des prescripteurs de l'alternance. Sont-ils pour autant reconnus dans l'entreprise ? Il semble qu'ils soient encore ignorés de nombreux salariés qui assument pourtant ces fonctions. En France, le manque de tradition d'apprentissage formalisé et la faible reconnaissance des fonctions Morales dans l'entreprise gênent son développement. Et de fait, la démultiplication du Morat (Morat organisationnel et Morat opérationnel) perturbe encore la définition de ces fonctions. Les pratiques sont ainsi hétérogènes et fortement dépendantes de facteurs économiques, organisationnels et sociaux que génère la strucMe de l'entreprise.
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