Supplementation with L-glutathione exerted a better neuroprotective effect than L-glutamine and may prevent the development of enteric diabetic neuropathy.

Toxoplasma gondii is an aetiological agent of toxoplasmosis, which commonly causes diarrhoea in a number of species. This observation and the parasite's affinity for the nervous tissue support the theory that T. gondii infection may affect the myenteric neurons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes caused by T. gondii (genotype III) in the myenteric neurons of the jejunum in rats. Fifteen rats were distributed into three groups: control (CG), inoculated for 30 days (G30) and inoculated for 90 days (G90). Rats from the G30 and G90 groups received an oral inoculum with 500 oocysts from a genotype III (M7741) T. gondii strain. At 180 days of age, all animals were anaesthetised and euthanised. Whole mounts were stained by using Giemsa (total population) and NADPH-diaphorase (nitrergic subpopulation) histochemistry. Maintenance of the width, length, area and neuronal density was observed; there was neuronal atrophy in the G30 group and a tendency to hypertrophy in the G90 group. Rats inoculated orally with sporulated oocysts did not show clinical illness or macroscopic or microscopic lesions, as do the majority of animal species. Therefore, infection was confirmed by a serum agglutination test; 30 days of infection caused increased weight gain and atrophy of myenteric neurons. At 90 days post-infection, weight gain became normal, and myenteric neurons hypertrophied.

787Pesq. Vet. Bras. 30(9):787-792, setembro 2010 RESUMO.-[Efeitos da infecção por oocistos de Toxoplasma gondii sobre a parede intestinal e o plexo mientérico de Gallus gallus.] O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os efeitos da infecção pelo Toxoplasma gondii sobre a parede intestinal e o plexo mientérico de Gallus gallus. Dez galinhas de 36 dias de idade separadas em dois grupos: controle e experimental inoculado com oocistos da cepa M7741 de T. gondii (genótipo III) pela via oral. Após 60 dias os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia e o duodeno coletado. Parte dos segmentos intestinais foi submetida à rotina histológica, coloração por HE e técnica histoquímica de PAS e Alcian Blue. Realizou-se uma avaliação qualitativa da parede intestinal e medidas comparativas entre os grupos da espessura da parede total, túnica muscular, muscular da mucosa e túnica mucosa. As célu-las caliciformes foram quantificadas. Outra parte dos seg- This paper aims to analyze the effects of the Toxoplasma gondii infection in the intestinal wall and myenteric plexus of chicken (Gallus gallus). Ten 36-day-old chickens were separated into two groups: control and experimental, orally inoculated with oocysts of the T. gondii strain M7741 genotype III. After 60 days the birds were submitted to euthanasia and had their duodenum removed. Part of the intestinal segments was submitted to histological routine, HE staining, PAS histochemical technique, and Alcian Blue. Qualitative analysis of the intestinal wall and comparative measurements among the groups with respect to total wall thickness, muscle tunic, mucosa, and tunica mucosa were carried out. Caliciform cells were quantified. The other part of the intestinal segments was fixed in formol acetic acid and dissected having the tunica mucosa and the tela submucosa removed. Neurons were stained with Giemsa, counted, and measured. Chickens from the experimental group presented diarrhea and inflammatory infiltrates in the tunica mucosa, thickness reduction of all the parameters assessed in the intestinal wall, and an increase of the number of caliciform cells. There was a ~70% reduction regarding the intensity of myenteric neurons; and the remaining cells presented a reduction of ~2.4% of the perikarion and ~40.5% of the nucleus (p<0.05). Chronic infection induced by T. gondii oocysts resulted in intestinal wall atrophy, mucin secretion increase, death and atrophy of chicken myenteric plexus neurons. Death and atrophy of myenteric plexus neurons may be related with the causes of diarrhea observed in chickens with toxoplasmosis. Effects of infection withINDEX TERMS: Chicken, toxoplasmosis, duodenum, enteric nervous system, experimental infection. mentos intestinais foi fixada em formol acético e dissecada retirando-se a túnica mucosa e a tela submucosa. Os neurônios foram corados pela técnica de Giemsa, contados e mensurados. Os animais do grupo experimental apresentaram diarréia e infiltrados inflamatórios na túnica mucosa, redução da espessura de todos os parâmetros avaliados da parede in...

PurposeEnteric glial cells (EGCs) exert a critical role in the structural integrity, defense, and metabolic function of enteric neurons. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by metabolic disorders and chronic autonomic neuropathy. Quercetin supplementation, which is a potent antioxidant, has been used in order to reduce the effects of diabetes-induced oxidative stress. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of quercetin supplementation in the drinking water at a daily dose of 40 mg on the glial cells and neurons in the jejunum of diabetic rats.Materials and methodsTwenty 90-day-old male adult Wistar rats were split into four groups: normoglycemic control (C), normoglycemic control supplemented with quercetin (Q), diabetic (D), and diabetic supplemented with quercetin (DQ). After 120 days, the jejunums were collected, and immunohistochemical technique was performed to label S-100-immunoreactive glial cells and HuC/D-immunoreactive neurons.ResultsAn intense neuronal and glial reduction was observed in the jejunum of diabetic rats. Quercetin displayed neuroprotective effects due to reduced cell body areas of neurons and glial cells in Q and DQ groups compared to their controls (C and D groups). Interestingly, quercetin prevented the glial and neuronal loss with a higher density for the HuC/D-immunoreactive neurons (23.06%) and for the S100-immunoreactive glial cells (14.55%) in DQ group compared to D group.ConclusionQuercetin supplementation promoted neuroprotective effects through the reduction of neuronal and glial body areas and a slight prevention of neuronal and glial density reduction.

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Introducción: Se sabe poco sobre los efectos del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV) durante el embarazo. El objetivo de este estudio es describir los resultados clínicos durante el embarazo en mujeres con SARS-CoV-1 y SARS-CoV-2 y su repercusión en la salud del feto y el recién nacido. Materiales y métodos: Revisión sistemática realizada en los motores de búsqueda del Portal de Periódicos de CAPES, Google Académico, LILACS y PubMed. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 27 artículos científicos. La tasa de mortalidad fue mayor en las mujeres embarazadas con el SARS-CoV-1 que en las que tenían el SARS-CoV-2. Los síntomas más comunes informados por las mujeres embarazadas con COVID-19 fueron fiebre y tos. La mayoría de las pruebas de SARS-CoV-1 y SARS-CoV-2 resultaron negativas en recién nacidos de madres infectadas. Ambos tipos de infecciones causaron retraso del crecimiento intrauterino y problemas respiratorios en recién nacidos. Discusión: La infección por SARS-CoV-1 y SARS-CoV-2 comparten características clínicas comunes como fiebre, tos seca, disnea, neumonía e ingreso a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) para ventilación mecánica. Aunque en la literatura no se señala la transmisión vertical del coronavirus, se encontraron niveles de IgM en las muestras de sangre de los neonatos de las madres que tuvieron el SARS-CoV-2 durante el embarazo. Conclusiones: Es necesario realizar más estudios para comprender mejor los resultados clínicos maternos, fetales y neonatales del SARS-CoV-2 durante la gestación a fin de contribuir a las decisiones terapéuticas y de precaución sobre la infección Como citar este articulo: Furlan, Mara Cristina Ribeiro; Jurado, Sonia Regina; Uliana, Catchia Hermes; Silva, Maria Eduarda Pascoaloto; Nagata, Letícia Akie; Maia, Anna Clara Freitas. Gravidez e infecção por coronavírus: desfechos maternos, fetais e neonatais – Revisão sistemática. Revista Cuidarte. 2020; 11(2): e1211. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.1211

This study aimed to evaluate the intestinal mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum of Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats supplemented with L-glutamine. Thirty-two male 50-day-old Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly divided into four groups: control (C), control supplemented with 2 % L-glutamine (GC), Walker-256 tumor (WT), and Walker-256 tumor supplemented with 2 % L-glutamine (TWG). Walker-256 tumor was induced by inoculation viable tumor cells in the right rear flank. After 10 days, celiotomy was performed and duodenal and jejunal tissues were removed and processed. We evaluated the cachexia index, proliferation index, villus height, crypt depth, total height of the intestinal wall, and number of goblet cells by the technique of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Induction of Walker-256 tumor promoted a reduction of metaphase index in the TW group animals, which was accompanied by a reduction in the villous height and crypt depths, resulting in atrophy of the intestinal wall as well as increased PAS-positive goblet cells. Supplementation with L-glutamine reduced the tumor growth and inhibited the development of the cachectic syndrome in animals of the TWG group. Furthermore, amino acid supplementation promoted beneficial effects on the intestinal mucosa in the TWG animals through restoration of the number of PAS-positive goblet cells. Therefore, supplementation with 2 % L-glutamine exhibited a promising role in the prevention of tumor growth and cancer-associated cachexia as well as restoring the intestinal mucosa in the duodenum and jejunum of Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats.

Objectives: to describe the family’s experience in the process of discovering the diagnosis and initiation of treatment of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Methods: this qualitative and descriptive study interviewed nine relatives of eight children on autism spectrum. They were inserted in health services, public education, and Association of Parents and Friends of The Exceptional of cities in the countryside of the Center-West. Data were collected through open interviews from July to September 2017. Data was submitted to thematic analysis. Results: at the beginning, the family was difficult to perceive the first atypical signs presented by the children. Families experience situations of vulnerability, since support networks are insufficient. The school played a significant role in recognizing unexpected behaviors. Final Considerations: support, offered by nurses, health professionals, school and social support devices, is important to family and children in this trajectory.