Chronic infection with Toxoplasma gondii induces death of submucosal enteric neurons and damage in the colonic mucosa of rats

Góis, Marcelo Biondaro; Hermes-Uliana, Catchia; Zago, M.C.B.; Zanoni, Jacqueline Nelisis; Silva, Aristeu Vieira da; Miranda-Neto, Marcílio Hubner de; Araújo, Eduardo José de Almeida; Sant’Ana, Débora de Mello Gonçales

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2016.02.009

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…The GCs and the composition of the secreted mucins undergo changes in response to infection by microorganisms and parasites . In chronic infections with T. gondii of the same strain used, other studies report a reduction in the number of cells producing neutral mucins (PAS+), sulphomucins (AB 1.0+) and a reduction of VIP‐IR neurons in the jejunum, and a reduction of AB 1.0+ goblet cells in the colon of rats …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have shown that infection with different strains of T. gondii causes changes in the neuronal subpopulations and epithelial cells of different segments of the gastrointestinal tract . However, little is known about the response of the submucosal plexus or the epithelial and inflammatory cells in the course of acute infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxoplasma gondii promotes changes in VIPergic submucosal neurons, mucosal intraepithelial lymphocytes, and goblet cells during acute infection in the ileum of rats

Schneider

Nascimento

Trevizan

et al. 2017

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii promotes changes in VIPergic submucosal neurons, mucosal intraepithelial lymphocytes, and goblet cells during acute infection in the ileum of rats

Schneider

Nascimento

Trevizan

et al. 2017

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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“…The intestinal wall is the first barrier it transposes to infect the host and then to lodge in these sites (DUBEY et al, 1998). Previous studies of our research group focused on the changes caused by Toxoplasma gondii infection in the enteric nervous system (ENS), which is responsible for controlling important functions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) (BONAPAZ et al, 2010;ODORIZZI et al, 2010;PEREIRA et al, 2010;HERMES-ULIANA et al, 2011;ARAÚJO et al, 2015;GÓIS et al, 2016a;TREVIZAN et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different inoculum loads of Toxoplasma gondii induce reduction of myenteric neurons of the rat colon

Ferezin

Vicentino-Vieira

Góis

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Toxoplasmosis, a disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is an important health problem, especially in immunocompromised hosts. T. gondii uses the gut wall as an infection gateway, with tropism for muscular and nervous tissues causing intestinal alterations, including some in the enteric nervous system. This study aims at investigating the colon of rats infected by T. gondii in order to understand how the amount of oocysts influences in myenteric neuronal changes. Sixty Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into six groups. One group remained as a control and the others received inocula of 10, 50, 100, 500 or 5,000 oocysts of T. gondii. The animals were euthanized after 30 days of infection. The total neuronal population and the nitrergic subpopulation in the colon myenteric plexus of each animal was counted. The data were statistically analyzed showing less weight gain in rats with 10, 500 and 5,000 oocysts. A decrease in the number of total neurons with 50, 100 or 5,000 oocysts and an increase in the nitrergic population with 10, 100, 500 or 5,000 oocysts were verified. These results show that neuronal alterations are more significant when the infection is induced by larger inocula and reinforces the suspicion that neuronal loss is directed at cholinergic neurons.Keywords: Enteric nervous system, myenteric plexus, ascending colon, toxoplasmosis. ResumoA toxoplasmose, doença causada pelo Toxoplasma gondii, é um importante problema de saúde, principalmente em imunocomprometidos. T. gondii utiliza a parede do intestino como porta de entrada no hospedeiro e tem tropismo pelos tecidos muscular e nervoso provocando alterações intestinais, inclusive no sistema nervoso entérico. Este estudo buscou analisar o cólon de ratos infectados por T. gondii para entender como a quantidade de oocistos influencia nas alterações neuronais mientéricas. Foram utilizados 60 ratos Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) em seis grupos. Um dos grupos permaneceu como controle e os demais receberam inóculos de 10, 50, 100, 500 ou 5.000 oocistos de T. gondii. Os animais foram submetidos a eutanásia após 30 dias de infecção. No plexo mientérico do cólon dos animais foram quantificadas a população neuronal total e a subpopulação nitrérgica. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente demonstrando inferior ganho de peso nos ratos com 10, 500 e 5.000 oocistos. Verificamos diminuição no número de neurônios totais com inóculos de 50, 100 ou 5.000 oocistos e aumento da população nitrérgica com 10, 100, 500 ou 5000 oocistos. Estes resultados mostram que alterações neuronais são mais significativas quando a infecção é induzida por inóculos maiores e reforça a suspeita de perda neuronal direcionada a neurônios colinérgicos.Palavras-chave: Sistema nervoso entérico, plexo mientérico, cólon ascendente, toxoplasmose.

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“…The thickness of the total ileum wall, muscular and submucosa, the width and depth of the crypts, and height and width of the villi of each animal were measured; 16 images were captured with a 20X objective lens (1 image/quadrant/cut). The Image Pro Plus software (Media Cybernetics) was used to obtain 64 measurements of each parameter …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the goblet cells from each animal were counted along the 2560 epithelial cells. Then, the proportion of these cells in relation to 100 epithelial cells was calculated …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi causes intestinal changes B‐1 cells dependent

Souza

Fernandes

Santos

et al. 2019

Parasite Immunology

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Evaluating the histopathological and morphometric changes caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi infection either in the presence or absence of B‐1 cells. Wild‐type Balb/c and XID mice were used. Half of XID mice received B‐1 cells adoptive transfer (XID + B1). Five animals from each group were infected (Balb/c I, XID I and XID + B1 I), totalizing six groups (n = 5). After 45 days of infection, the ileum was collected for histological processing and analysis. After infection, the XID animals showed an increase in the thickness of the intestinal layers, in the depth and width of the crypt and in the villi width. However, the Balb/c I group showed a reduction in almost all these parameters, whereas the villi width was increased. The villi height decreased in the infected XID animals; however, it was increased in the XID + B1 I group. Leishmania (L) infantum chagasiinfection caused a decrease in the number of Paneth cells; however, their area was increased. Finally, goblet cells and enterocytes presented different change profiles among groups. This study showed that the parasite infection causes structural and histopathological alterations in the intestine. These changes might be influenced by the absence of B‐1 cells.

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Chronic infection with Toxoplasma gondii induces death of submucosal enteric neurons and damage in the colonic mucosa of rats

Cited by 22 publications

References 44 publications

Toxoplasma gondii promotes changes in VIPergic submucosal neurons, mucosal intraepithelial lymphocytes, and goblet cells during acute infection in the ileum of rats

Toxoplasma gondii promotes changes in VIPergic submucosal neurons, mucosal intraepithelial lymphocytes, and goblet cells during acute infection in the ileum of rats

Different inoculum loads of Toxoplasma gondii induce reduction of myenteric neurons of the rat colon

Infection by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi causes intestinal changes B‐1 cells dependent

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