The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of dental trauma in the permanent anterior teeth of schoolchildren in Campina Grande, Brazil. A sample of 448 schoolchildren, 228 boys and 220 girls, aged 7-12 years, were randomly selected from 17 public schools in an urban area. The sample selection was carried out in two stages: first, schools were selected by simple sampling and then children were chosen using a proportionality coefficient. Data were collected through clinical examinations and interviews, after examiner calibration. Overjet (OJ) was considered a risk factor when it presented values higher than 3 mm, while lip coverage was classified as adequate or inadequate. Yates' chi-squared test verified the association between the variables and odds ratio. Significance level was set at 5%. The prevalence of dental injuries was 21%. Boys experienced more injuries than girls, 21.9% and 20%, respectively (P > 0.05). Falls and collisions were the main causes of dental trauma, 63.8% and 24.5%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between traumatic dental injuries (TDI) and OJ (95% CI 0.22-0.63) (P < 0.001) and between TDI and inadequate lip coverage (95% CI 9.16-34.93) (P < 0.001). Data indicated that boys presenting an OJ size >3 mm and inadequate lip coverage were more likely to have TDI in Campina Grande, Brazil.

No abstract

No abstract

Objective: To analyze the chronology of first deciduous tooth eruption in children with microcephaly associated with presumed or confirmed Zika virus. Material and Methods: A longitudinal study was developed with 74 children of both sexes. Data on prematurity, gestational age (in weeks), anthropometric characteristics at birth [length (cm), weight (g) and cephalic perimeter (cm)] and dental eruption (chronological age and corrected age for prematurity in months) were collected and presented through descriptive statistics. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results: The majority of children were female (54.1%) and 14.9% were born premature. The mean gestational age was 38.2 (± 1.9) weeks, while length, weight and cephalic perimeter at birth were 45.6 (± 3.1) cm, 2750 (± 526.6) and 30 (± 2.3) cm, respectively. The eruption of the first tooth occurred on average at 12.3 (± 3.0) months of chronological age and at 11.1 (± 2.3) months of corrected age. The first erupted teeth were the lower deciduous central incisors (82.4%). The mean age for dental eruption in males was 12.5 months (± 3.0) and in females 12.0 months (± 3.1) among full-term children. For premature infants, the mean corrected age of dental eruption was 11.5 months (± 3.4) for boys and 11 months (± 1.7) for girls. Conclusion: In this group of children with microcephaly, the first tooth to erupt was the lower central incisor around the first year of life. Girls had lower average eruption time when compared to boys in both chronological age and age corrected for prematurity.

<strong>Introdução:</strong> A Hipomineralização Molar-Incisivo (HMI) é um defeito de desenvolvimento do esmalte dentário que afeta de um até todos os primeiros molares permanentes, podendo estar presente nos incisivos permanentes. <strong>Objetivo:</strong> Revisar a literatura sobre a HMI objetivando proporcionar informações ao cirurgião-dentista que realiza atendimento infantil sobre o diagnóstico, características clínicas e tratamento. <strong>Metodologia:</strong> Revisão integrativa da literatura, sendo utilizado as bases de dados LILACS, PubMed, Web of Science e Scopus. Foram usadas as palavras-chaves "Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário/Dental Enamel Hypoplasia" e " Hipomineralização Molar-Incisivo/Molar Incisor Hypomineralization". <strong>Resultados:</strong> Fatores etiológicos associados a complicações pré, peri e pós-natais, ambientais e genéticos têm sido evidenciados e a prevalência de HMI mostra-se variada entre as populações. Apresenta-se como manchas opacas bem delimitadas e, com o aumento da gravidade, ocorre a perda do esmalte resultando em fratura, destruição coronária e indicação de exodontia. As fraturas pós-eruptivas atuam como áreas de retenção de biofilme, o que facilita seu acúmulo e aumenta a susceptibilidade à cárie dentária. A Academia Europeia de Odontopediatria (EAPD) estabeleceu critérios que facilitam o diagnóstico deste agravo por meio de pesquisas epidemiológicas. As medidas terapêuticas são direcionadas de acordo com a gravidade da lesão. <strong>Conclusão:</strong> A HMI deve receber adequada atenção do cirurgião-dentista em função das consequências clínicas e estéticas que acarreta ao paciente, interferindo negativamente na sua qualidade de vida nos casos mais graves. Novas pesquisas são necessárias com a finalidade de expandir o conhecimento acerca da HMI, objetivando ofertar ao paciente o correto diagnóstico e a melhor opção terapêutica.

The erosion-protective effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) is controversial. This study aimed to investigate the ability of CPP-ACP chewing gum to prevent a single event of erosive demineralization in situ. Bovine enamel blocks (n = 120) were randomly assigned to 3 phases according to the baseline surface hardness: phase I (PI) - chewing gum with CPP-ACP, phase II (PII) - chewing gum without CPP-ACP, and control phase (PIII) - salivary effect without stimulation (no gum). Nineteen volunteers participated in this study during 3 crossover phases of 2 h. In PI and PII, the volunteers wore intraoral palatal appliances for 120 min and chewed a unit of the corresponding chewing gum for the final 30 min. In the control phase the volunteers wore the appliance for 2 h, without chewing gum. Immediately after intraoral use, the appliances were extraorally immersed in a cola drink for 5 min to promote erosive demineralization. The percentage of surface hardness loss was calculated. The data were analyzed by ANOVA models and Tukey's test. Lower enamel hardness loss was found after the use of chewing gum with CPP-ACP (PI: 32.7%) and without CPP-ACP (PII: 33.5%) compared to the salivary effect without stimulation (PIII: 39.8%) (p < 0.05). There was no difference between PI and PII (p > 0.05). The results suggest that the use of chewing gum immediately before an erosive demineralization can diminish enamel hardness loss. However, the presence of CPP-ACP in the chewing gum cannot enhance this protective effect.

Objective The prevalence of dental erosion has been recently increasing, requiring new preventive and therapeutic approaches. Vegetable oils have been studied in preventive dentistry because they come from a natural, edible, low-cost, and worldwide accessible source. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of different vegetable oils, applied in two concentrations, on initial enamel erosion.Material and Methods Initially, the acquired pellicle was formed in situ for 2 hours. Subsequently, the enamel blocks were treated in vitro according to the study group (n=12/per group): GP5 and GP100 – 5% and pure palm oil, respectively; GC5 and GC100 – 5% and pure coconut oil; GSa5 and GSa100 – 5% and pure safflower oil; GSu5 and GSu100 – 5% and pure sunflower oil; GO5 and GO100 – 5% and pure olive oil; CON− – Deionized Water (negative control) and CON+ – Commercial Mouthwash (Elmex® Erosion Protection Dental Rinse, GABA/positive control). Then, the enamel blocks were immersed in artificial saliva for 2 minutes and subjected to short-term acid exposure in 0.5% citric acid, pH 2.4, for 30 seconds, to promote enamel surface softening. The response variable was the percentage of surface hardness loss [((SHi - SHf) / SHf )×100]. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p<0.05).Results Enamel blocks of GP100 presented similar hardness loss to GSu100 (p>0.05) and less than the other groups (p<0.05). There was no difference between GP5, GC5, GC100, GSa5, GSu100, GSa100, GSu5, GO5, GO100, CON− and CON+.Conclusion Palm oil seems to be a promising alternative for preventing enamel erosion. However, further studies are necessary to evaluate a long-term erosive cycling.

This in situ study assessed the effect of different times of salivary exposure on the rehardening of acid-softened enamel. Bovine enamel blocks were subjected in vitro to a short-term acidic exposure by immersion in 0.05 M (pH 2.5) citric acid for 30 s, resulting in surface softening. Then, 40 selected eroded enamel blocks were randomly assigned to 10 volunteers. Intraoral palatal appliances containing 4 enamel blocks were constructed for each volunteer, who wore the appliance for 12 nonconsecutive hours: initial 30 min, followed by an additional 30, and then by an additional 1 hour. For the last additional 10 hours the appliances were used at night, during the volunteers' sleep. Surface hardness was analyzed in the same blocks at baseline, after erosion and after each period of salivary exposure, enabling percentage of surface hardness recovery calculation (%SHR). The data were tested using repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Increasing periods of salivary action promoted a progressive increase in the surface hardness (p < 0.001). However a similar degree of enamel rehardening (p = 0.641) was observed between 2 hours (49.9%) and 12 hours (53.3%) of salivary exposure. Two hours of salivary exposure seems to be appropriate for partial rehardening of the softened enamel surface. The use of the intraoral appliance during sleep did not improve the enamel rehardening after erosion.