Amyloidosis is a disease marked by deposition of misfolded proteins, known as amyloids, in the extracellular space, including gastrointestinal tract. According to the precursor protein, amyloidosis is classified into six types; all of which can be involved in the gastrointestinal tract. Amyloidosis has weight loss and gastrointestinal bleeding as the most frequent symptoms. Gastrointestinal tract biopsy is diagnostic in most cases of amyloidosis and Congo red stain is used to confirm the amyloid proteins deposit. Treatment of amyloidosis consists of controlling symptoms, terminating protein formation and deposit, and treating the underlying diseases. Chemotherapy might be applied depends on the type of amyloidosis.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver cancer that occurs due to the abnormal growth of hepatocytes. HCC is one of the cancers with the highest prevalence and incidence in the world. The main risk factors for HCC in Indonesia are chronic infection with hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and liver cirrhosis. The selection of the appropriate treatment modality for each patient is based on several patient-specific characteristics, such as tumor size, location, portal vein thrombosis, and liver function. Treatment options for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma include intra-arterial therapy, multikinase inhibitors, and immunotherapy. Determining the stage is an important part of managing HCC because it can determine the treatment. One of the staging systems is the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) which categorizes HCC into 5 stages. Clinical severity criteria with BCLC stage are often used because they have good validity in predicting the prognosis of HCC patients.
Pendahuluan: Berdasarkan penelitian dari Arab Saudi prevalensi GERD 23,5 - 45,4%. Prevalensi GERD mahasiswa umum di Arab Saudi didapatkan 23,8%. Adapun data prevalensi pada mahasiswa kesehatan di Arab Saudi yaitu 28,6% dan GERD pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Syiah Kuala sebesar 17,9%. Di Indonesia belum ada data mengenai prevalensi GERD, namun studi yang dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo menyatakan bahwa adanya peningkatan prevalensi pasien GERD. Salah satu faktor risiko yang dapat mempengaruhi kejadian GERD adalah pola makan makan yang buruk. Metode: Penelitian dengan metode age and sex match case control. Sampel penelitian adalah mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Mataram. Teknik pengambilan sampel consecutive sampling. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji Chi Square. Hasil: Dari 118 mahasiswa didapatkan 43 orang dengan pola makan baik dan 16 orang dengan pola makan buruk pada kelompok kasus sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol didapatkan 52 orang dengan pola makan baik dan 7 orang dengan pola makan buruk. Analisis yang digunakan yaitu uji Chi Square menunjukan terdapat hubungan antara pola makan dengan kejadian Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (p=0,036) dan didapatkan odds ratio pola makan terhadap GERD (OR 2,764 CI 95% 1,042 – 7,334) Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara pola makan dengan kejadian Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Mataram. Kata Kunci: GERD, Pola Makan, Mahasiswa Kedokteran
Indonesia is ranked seventh out of countries that contributed to the highest number of DM in the world in 2019 and estimate that in 2045 it could reach 16.6 million cases. West Nusa Tenggara Province is one of the provinces with a fairly high DM rate reaching 21,308 with various complications due to uncontrolled blood sugar levels. High blood sugar levels in DM patients are caused by several uncontrolled factors in DM patients. This study aims to determine the factors associated with uncontrolled blood sugar levels in type 2 DM patients at the NTB Provincial Hospital. This research is a observational with a cross sectional study. The sample selection using the consecutive sampling obtained from the medical records of type 2 DM patients who were treated at the Internal Medicine Polyclinic of the NTB Provincial Hospital. The study sample size were 100 people with univariate and bivariate data analysis using the Chi-square test. The subjects in this study were dominated by patient age > 45 years (75.6%), female (51.2%), using non-insulin therapy (52.4%), and duration of type 2 diabetes < 10 years. (67.07%) with uncontrolled blood sugar status (52.4%). Bivariate analysis using the Chi-square showed that there were a statistically significant relationship between controlled blood sugar levels and patient age (p=0.021), controlled blood sugar levels with gender (p=0.008), controlled blood sugar levels and the type of therapy (p=0.008). = 0.004), and controlled blood sugar levels with duration of diabetes (0.023).
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