Introdução: a Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS, sigla em inglês) é uma doença infecciosa caracterizada por mudanças em sua evolução. A enfermagem se destaca na assistência ao portador de HIV/AIDS pelas ações efetivas de promoção e recuperação da saúde, em especial as relacionadas ao vínculo necessário para a adesão à terapêutica antirretroviral. Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico dos portadores de HIV/AIDS em seguimento no serviço de atendimento especializado de um município mineiro. Método: estudo quantitativo, cuja amostra foi de 204 pacientes. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre novembro/2011 e fevereiro/2012, e consistiu na análise das fichas de notificação do Sistema de Notificação de Agravos Notificáveis. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva para a análise dos dados. Resultados: 14,7% dos pacientes tinham infecção pelo vírus HIV e 85,3%, AIDS, com média de idade de 39 anos. Houve equivalência na distribuição por sexo para os portadores do HIV. 9% dos pacientes são analfabetos e 37,2% têm menos de 5 anos de estudo. 79,4% contaminaram-se por via sexual e, destes, 66,7% se declararam heterossexuais. Conclusão: pacientes com HIV/AIDS do município estudado possuem a idade, a heterossexualização, a feminização e a baixa escolaridade como fatores de risco para o HIV/AIDS.
Objective: evaluate the general and perceived self-efficacy, psychological morbidity, and knowledge about postoperative care of patients submitted to radical prostatectomy. Identify the relationships between the variables and know the predictors of self-efficacy. Method: descriptive, cross-sectional study, conducted with 76 hospitalized men. The scales used were the General and Perceived Self-efficacy Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, in addition to sociodemographic, clinical and knowledge questionnaires. Results: a negative relationship was found for self-efficacy in relation to anxiety and depression. Psychological morbidity was a significant predictor variable for self-efficacy. An active professional situation and the waiting time for surgery also proved to be relevant variables for anxiety and knowledge, respectively. Conclusion: participants had a good level of general and perceived self-efficacy and small percentage of depression. With these findings, it is possible to produce the profile of patients about their psychological needs after radical prostatectomy and, thus, allow the nursing professionals to act holistically, considering not only the need for care of physical nature, but also of psychosocial nature.
Objective: Investigate, in the literature, nursing interventions to promote urinary continence and adapt to sexual dysfunction after radical prostatectomy. Methods: Integrative literature review in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and LILACS, using the descriptors "nursing care", "urinary incontinence", "erectile dysfunction", and "prostatectomy", and the keywords "nurse", "male sexual impotence" and "radical prostatectomy". Results: Eighteen publications were included, eight of which described interventions for urinary incontinence, fi ve for sexual dysfunction and fi ve for both complications. Three intervention strategies were found: 16 interventions for incontinence and 12 for sexual dysfunction. Conclusion: In the implementation strategies of interventions, the importance of nurses using different resources to attend to patients was observed. For urinary incontinence, the focus of interventions varied among educational, behavioral and physical. For sexual dysfunction, a predominance of psychoeducational actions was observed, involving the patients and, when possible the sexual partners. ResumoObjetivo: Investigar, na literatura, intervenções de enfermagem para promover continência urinária e adaptação à disfunção sexual após prostatectomia radical. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, e LILACS, utilizando os descritores "cuidados de enfermagem", "incontinência urinária", "disfunção erétil", e "prostatectomia" e as palavras chaves "enf*", "impotência sexual masculina" e "prostatectomia radical". Resultados: Dezoito publicações foram incluídas, entre essas, oito descreviam intervenções para a incontinência urinária, cinco para disfunção sexual e cinco para ambas as complicações. Foram encontradas três estratégias para implementação das intervenções, 16 intervenções para incontinência e 12 para disfunção sexual. Conclusão: Nas estratégias para implementação das intervenções, notou-se a importância de que o enfermeiro utilize diferentes recursos para assistir os pacientes. Para a incontinência urinária, o foco das intervenções variou entre educativo, comportamental e físico. Para disfunção sexual, observou-se um predomínio de ações psicoeducativas aos pacientes e, quando possível, ao parceiro sexual. ResumenObjetivo: Investigar, en la literatura, intervenciones de enfermería para promover continencia urinaria y adaptación a la disfunción sexual después de prostatectomía radical. Métodos: Revisión integrativa de la literatura en las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, y LILACS, utilizando los descriptores "cuidados de enfermería", "incontinencia urinaria", "disfunción eréctil", y "prostatectomía" y las palabras claves "enf *", "impotencia sexual masculina" y "prostatectomía radical". Resultados: Dieciocho publicaciones fueron incluidas; entre ellas, ocho describían intervenciones para la incontinencia urinaria, cinco para disfunción sexual y cinco para ambas complicaciones. Se encontraron tres estrategias para...
Objective. Identify risk factors for Prostate Cancer (PC), preventive practices, and hindering and motivating factors for disease prevention among workers of a public university. Methodology. A descriptive study, conducted with 92 workers who answered a self-administered questionnaire on the variables related to sociodemographic characteristics and clinical risk factors, sources of information about PC, practices related to prevention, and information on the hindering and motivating factors for prevention of the disease. Results. Most (95.0%) participants had one or more risk factors for PC; 68.5% underwent completion of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test annually at the request of the university; 50.0% of participants never performed the digital rectal examination (DRE); the main source of information was the media (64.1%); the main complicating factor for realization of the yearly preventive screening test was the lack of request for examination by their doctor; and the main motivating reason was recognition of the severity of the disease. Conclusion. Most participants had risk factors for the disease, do not perform the DRE, presented difficulties in carrying out prevention, and revealed they do not receive information about the disease from healthcare professionals, which could in turn lead to an erroneous understanding, resulting in hindering factors for practices to prevent PC. Thus, health care managers and multidisciplinary teams should engage in preventive health care for men in order to initiate preventive practices, and clarify any doubts about the disease.Key words: prostatic neoplasms; prevention and control; workers. Fatores de riesgo para cáncer de próstata y aspectos motivadores e dificultadores en la realización de las prácticas preventivasObjetivo. Identificar los factores de riesgo para Cáncer de Próstata (CP), las práticas preventivas, y los factores dificultadores y motivadores para prevención de esta enfermedad en trabajadores de una universidad pública. Metodologia. Estudio descriptivo 416 • Invest Educ Enferm. 2015;33(3) realizado con la participación de 92 trabajadores quienes respondieron un cuestionario autoaplicado sobre variables relacionadas con la cacterización sociodemográfica y clínica, factores de riesgo, fuentes de información sobre el CP, prácticas relacionadas con la prevención e información sobre factores dificultadores y motivadores para la prevención de la enfermedad. Resultados. La mayoría (95.0%) de los participantes presentó uno o más factores de riesgo para CP; el 68.5% se ha realizado anualmente el examen de antígeno prostático específico por solicitud de la Universidad; al 50.0% nunca le han realizado el examen digital retal (EDR); la principal fuente de información sobre CP fue la impresa (64.1%). El principal factor que dificulta la realización de la prevención anual fue la falta de solicitud de los exámenes por el médico tratante; el factor de motivación más importante es el reconocimiento de la severidad de la enfermedad. Conclusión. La mayoria de los parti...
Background and aim:The new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 was identified as the pathogen responsible for causing the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and stated as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Most of the extreme and lethal cases with COVID-19 happened within the elderly or in patients with pre-existing comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus (DM). In view of the above, the aim of this review was to investigate the scientific knowledge produced worldwide regarding the relationship between COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus.Method: This article was conducted using the methodological framework of a scoping review, researched on PUBMED, CINAHL and SCOPUS database.Results: A total of 12 studies were included. Six were developed in China, two in the United Kingdom, one in France, Spain, Kuwait and Ireland and all are in English. Conclusion:Among the main conclusions that explain the relationship between the severity of the virus and the diabetic patient, the relationship of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) as a link between SARS-CoV-2 and target cells, hyperglycemia, HbA1c, whose level was associated in one of the studies with inflammatory markers, the synthesis and deregulated lipid clearance that compromises the immune system, the metabolic acidity that was given as a protective factor of the body against the infection of the new coronavirus and the " cytokine storm" are the ones that stand out. Future and clinical investigations to address gaps and unanswered questions about the relationship between COVID-19 and diabetes are of paramount importance.
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