The electrochemical characterization and determination of the antibiotic cefadroxil were carried out at multi-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) and gold nanoparticle (AuNP) modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCE). Oxidation of the phenol moiety of cefadroxil occurred at slightly less-positive potentials and with a higher current response than at bare GCE. Differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that the architecture combining CNT and AuNP surface modification is the best in pH 7 buffer solution. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated good coverage of the AuNPs on the CNTs. The fixed potential amperometric determination of cefadroxil was carried out at + 0.74 V vs Ag/AgCl with a limit of detection of 0.22 μM. Analysis of cefadroxil in commercial samples presented high recovery values and the amount of the pharmaceutical in each capsule was in excellent agreement with that measured by UV/Vis spectroscopy.
PC-12 cells have been widely used as a neuronal line study model in many biosensing devices, mainly due to the neurogenic characteristics acquired after differentiation, such as high level of secreted neurotransmitter, neuron morphology characterized by neurite outgrowth, and expression of ion and neurotransmitter receptors. For understanding the pathophysiology processes involved in brain disorders, PC-12 cell line is extensively assessed in neuroscience research, including studies on neurotoxicity, neuroprotection, or neurosecretion. Various analytical technologies have been developed to investigate physicochemical processes and the biosensors based on optical and electrochemical techniques, among others, have been at the forefront of this development. This article summarizes the application of different biosensors in PC-12 cell cultures and presents the modern approaches employed in neuronal networks biosensing.
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