To evaluate the Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) in infected deciduous teeth by quantifying the viable bacteria in root canal treatment. Material and Methods: Radicular canal cultures were collected (n= 10). Four intra-canal samples were collected at four different times in each of the sampled teeth, as follows: Time 1 (T1), baseline: After opening the pulp-chamber; Time 2 (T2): After application of aPDT; Time 3 (T3): After mechanical, chemical manipulation; Time 4 (T4): After a second application of aPDT. The aPDT was performed with a 4J/cm energy low-intensity diode, together with 0.005% methylene blue as a photosensitizer. The clinical specimens were taken to the laboratory for a bacteria count (colony forming units) and the results were statistically analyzed using the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests, with a significance level of α=0.05. Results: Statistical differences were seen between the numbers of bacteria at times T1-T2, T1-T3 and T1-T4 on the cultivated plates. However, no significant statistical differences were observed between the number of bacteria in samples T2-T3, T2-T4 and T3-T4. Conclusion: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy can be a good co-adjuvant in root canal decontamination of necrotic primary teeth.

Objective: To perform an in vivo evaluation on the agreement between measurements of working length obtained by conventional radiographic examinations and an apex locator in deciduous teeth with or without root resorption. Material and Methods: Nine canals of teeth from children ranging from 3 to 5 years old were selected. Endodontic access was performed with a spherical diamond tip, the pulp was removed with Kerr-type steel files, and the canal was irrigated with 1% sodium hypochlorite. A file, compatible with the channel gauge, was then used to measure the length of the root canal with the apex locator. Conventional radiographs were also performed and, using a millimeter endodontic ruler, the length of the canal was determined. The differences between the measurements obtained between the two methods were analyzed using the Student's t-test. Results: The mean canal length for conventional radiography was 9.83 mm and 9.67 mm for the apex locator. The results of this study did not show significant differences (p=0.641), independent of the presence or absence of physiological root resorption. Conclusion: The similarity in measurements obtained with X-ray or an apex locator indicates that it is not necessary to use X-rays as a complement to obtain the working length. The use of the apex locator can provide a quicker treatment, reducing the clinical time and stress of the child.

Os traumatismos dentários são situações que ocorrem com frequência na população, a prevalência é maior em pessoas do gênero masculino, em idade escolar ou atletas. Dependendo da severidade do trauma, podem surgir complicações que devem ser corretamente diagnosticadas e tratadas. Tais complicações incluem a necrose pulpar, as reabsorções radiculares externas ou por substituição e as calcificações da câmara pulpar. A obliteração do canal radicular ou metamorfose calcificante é caracterizada pela deposição de tecido duro no espaço pulpar, podendo ser observada radiograficamente, e pela coloração amarelada da coroa dentária. Em alguns casos pode estar associada à necrose pulpar e presença de lesão periapical e o tratamento pode ser considerado complexo. A maioria das calcificações pulpares são assintomáticas e são classificadas de acordo com a localização e morfologia. O principal método de diagnóstico tem sido através de radiografias intraorais e panorâmicas, embora as Tomografias Computadorizadas de Feixe Cônico (TCFC) ofereçam melhores detalhes. Por isso, o objetivo desse trabalho foi revisar a literatura acerca dos padrões de obliteração do canal radicular mais frequentemente relatados na literatura científica relacionados aos traumatismos dentários, de forma a ajudar o profissional na orientação, diagnóstico, planejamento do tratamento e devido prognóstico.

Objective: The purpose of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the efficiency of three different instruments in the root canals of artificial primary molars as well as the quality of the fillings. Methods: Sixty artificial primary molars were divided into three groups of 20 teeth. Each group was submitted to a different technique: Group 1 - conventional manual technique using Kerr files; Group 2 - manual technique with nickel-titanium files; Group 3 - NiTi rotary technique. The root canals were filled with calcium hydroxide paste. Aspects such as homogeneity of the fillings, taper and flowability of the preparations were considered comparatively to assess the quality of the instrumentations. The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the efficiency of the preparation of the root canal considering the preparation times of them. Results: All three techniques were equally effective at shaping the root canals of primary teeth. The working time was shorter with the rotary instrument (p=0.000). In the pairwise comparisons, working time was shorter with the rotary instrument compared to the manual techniques with steel files (p=0.000) and NiTi files (p=0.000). Comparing the manual techniques, the working time was shorter with NiTi files compared to steel files (p=0.011). Moreover, less variability in the preparation time was found when the rotary instrument was used. Conclusions: The mechanized rotary method led to a shorter operating time in comparison to the manual techniques and is therefore a preferable option for the preparation of the root canals of primary teeth.

Upper lateral incisor agenesis is characterized by the absence of dental elements and can be a challenge for professionals regarding treatment possibilities, especially in deciduous dentition where it occurs less frequently. The aim of this report was to describe a case about the agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors in deciduous and permanent dentition. A child of 02 years and 04 months old attended the dental office with his mother. During the evaluation, the mother's main complaint was the aesthetic compromise due to the appearance of her daughter's smile, the radiographic examination was observed in the absence of the deciduous dental elements and permanent germs. This article discusses which treatment alternatives offer better quality of life due to negative aesthetic impact, as well as related social, economic and psychological aspects.

The objective of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of the fatigue strength of NiTi instruments in an in vitro model (artificial canal). Ten Hyflex EDM instruments (tip: 10; taper: .05) (Coltene/Whaledent, Altstätten, Switzerland) and ten Bassi LogicTM instruments (tip: 15; taper: .05) (Bassi Endo, Belo Horizonte, Brazil) were used. For the static bending fatigue strength test, we used a stainless-steel artificial canal with a 5-mm curvature radius, 90º curvature, and inner diameter of 1.5 mm. The instruments were run in the artificial canal until the occurrence of fracture. The time was recorded and the number of cycles was calculated. The length of the fragments was measured and three samples from each group were analyzed using scanning electron micrscopy for the characterization of metal fatigue. The data were compared using the nonparametric Man-Whitney test (samples with non-normal distribution), with the significance level set at 5% (p<0.05). Bassi LogicTM instruments tolerated a greater number of cycles compared to the Hyflex EDM (p < 0.05). Significant differences in fragment size were also found between groups (p < 0.05). Mean fragment size was larger among the Hyflex EDM instruments compared to the Bassi LogicTM instruments.The Bassi LogicTM 15.05 exhibited greater fatigue strength in artificial canals with an accentuated curvature compared to Hyflex EDM 10.05.

O tratamento endodôntico tem por objetivo prevenir ou tratar alterações periapicais decorrentes de injúrias pulpares. Em dentes permanentes imaturos o tratamento apresenta algumas peculiaridades. Dentre as modalidades de tratamento utilizados nesses casos está a terapia regenerativa. Esta é uma opção para o tratamento de dentes necrosados com ápice aberto, sendo uma alternativa à apicificação que é realizada mundialmente com grande sucesso, porém não permite o término do desenvolvimento dental deixando muitas vezes as paredes frágeis e finas, susceptíveis a fraturas e consequente perda do elemento dental. Além disso a necessita de várias sessões para trocas periódicas de hidróxido de cálcio; tendo maior risco de nova contaminação no interior do canal radicular. A colaboração do paciente pode se tornar um fator negativo pelas sucessivas consultas necessárias. Com a evolução da ciência e novas pesquisas realizadas, a terapia regenerativa pode ser uma substituição vantajosa à apicificação, pois é mais rápida e com resultados promissores, sendo, porém, necessários ainda mais estudos para o aprimoramento da técnica, elaboração de um protocolo definitivo, bem como estudos dos resultados alcançados a longo prazo. Este trabalho se destina a apresentação de um caso clínico de terapia regenerativa de um dente necrosado e ápice aberto com diagnóstico de necrose pulpar de um incisivo central superior esquerdo de uma criança de 8 anos após trauma pregresso.