ABSTRACT. Natural incidence and biology of Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner, 1983 (Hymenoptera, Trichogrammatidae) in eggs of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, 1818 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner is an egg parasitoid of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), and has recently been collected from eggs of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner on soybeans. In order to evaluate the suitability of A. gemmatalis eggs as hosts of T. atopovirilia, field surveys were conducted in 1999 and 2000 on corn and soybeans, and a colony of the parasitoid was established in laboratory. At 25 ºC, development from oviposition to emergence lasted nine days and a sex-ratio of 0.58 (females:males) was obtained. Females lived significantly longer (11.4 days) when kept in ovipositional activity, than in the absence of host eggs (6.6 days). Total fecundity averaged 104.5 parasitized eggs, resulting in the emergence of 138.3 descendents. Mean daily fecundity was highest (30 eggs/female) on the first day. Oviposition continued until one day before the death of the females, however 70% of the eggs were laid during the first four days after emergence. A female-biased progeny was produced during the first three days of oviposition, whereas further ovipositions were male-biased. Females lived significantly longer when exposed to host eggs in comparison to females deprived of eggs. The results show that eggs of A. gemmatalis are suitable for the development of T. atopovirilia, and this parasitoid should be considered in future programs of biological control of the velvetbean caterpillar.
T. pretiosum and T. acacioi accounted for more than 80% of the parasitoids emerged each year, followed by T. atopovirilia, T. rojasi and T. lasallei, with less than 20% of incidence. Both the sex ratio and the mean number of parasitoids/egg did not differ among the species. Searching for A. gemmatalis eggs proved to be time consuming in comparison to the collection of eggs laid by moths inside the cages, which showed to be a useful method to provide qualitative estimates of parasitism in eggs of A. gemmatalis.
Resumo: Este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento de um estudo de caso, voltado ao desenvolvimento do Pensamento Computacional. O estudo de caso compreendeu a utilização da ferramenta Scratch, permitindo ampliar o conhecimento dos alunos da Escola Estadual de Ensino Médio Lucila Nogueira, localizada na cidade de Boa Vista das Missões/RS. Foram realizadas oficinas práticas utilizando o Scratch para que os alunos desenvolvessem noções de lógica de programação, estimulando o desenvolvimento do Pensamento Computacional e, também, despertando o interesse pela área de Tecnologia da Informação. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo de caso permitiram comprovar que o uso da ferramenta Scratch potencializou os processos de ensino e de aprendizagem relacionados ao Pensamento Computacional, por meio da observação realizada e, também, com base nos resultados obtidos a partir da aplicação de um instrumento de pesquisa.
Este trabalho trata-se de uma proposta de atividade investigativa sobre o tema Zoologia para as aulas de Biologia do ensino médio, tendo como objetivo identificar as diferenças morfológicas dos filos Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Mollusca, Annelida, Nematoda, Arthropoda e Echinodermata, associando o nome do grupo animal com as características de seus representantes e desta forma classificar os animais de acordo com um ou mais critérios a ser definido pelo grupo de estudo. A atividade envolveu os estudantes em sala de aula, demonstrado pelas discussões constantes entre os grupos e os questionamentos referentes à classificação.
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