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Tyrosol (TR), a major polyphenol found in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), exerts several antioxidant effects. However, only scarce evidences are present regarding its activity on adipocytes and obesity. This study evaluated the role of TR in adipogenesis. Murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were incubated with TR (300 and 500 μM), and TR administration inhibited adipogenesis by downregulation of several adipogenic factors (leptin and aP2) and transcription factors (C/EBPα, PPARγ, SREBP1c, and Glut4) and by modulation of the histone deacetylase sirtuin 1. After complete differentiation, adipocytes treated with 300 and 500 μM TR showed a reduction of 20% and 30% in lipid droplets, respectively. Intracellular triglycerides were significantly reduced after TR treatment ( p < 0.05 ). Mature adipocytes treated with TR at 300 and 500 μM showed a marked decrease in the inflammatory state and oxidative stress as shown by the modulation of specific biomarkers (TNF, IL6, ROS, and SOD2). TR treatment also acted on the early stage of differentiation by reducing cell proliferation (~40%) and inducing cell cycle arrest during Mitotic Expansion Clonal (first 48 h of differentiation), as shown by the increase in both S1 phase and p21 protein expression. We also showed that TR induced lipolysis by activating the AMPK-ATGL-HSL pathway. In conclusion, we provided evidence that TR reduces 3T3-L1 differentiation through downregulation of adipogenic proteins, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Moreover, TR may trigger adipose tissue browning throughout the induction of the AMPK-ATGL-UCP1 pathway and, subsequently, may have promise as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment and prevention of obesity.

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ResumoOs linfomas são uma neoplasia maligna, os quais se originam nos linfonodos, que estão envolvidos no combate às infecções. Essa neoplasia teve o maior crescimento na incidência entre as doenças oncohematológicas. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os possíveis sintomas gastrointestinais apresentados pelo paciente durante o tratamento e relacioná-los com a ingestão alimentar e estado nutricional. Foi realizada a avaliação subjetiva global, índice de massa corporal, área muscular do braço e avaliada o consumo alimentar, assim como presença de sintomas gastrointestinais em portadores de linfoma, submetidos à quimioterapia ambulatorial. A amostra foi composta por 30 pacientes do Serviço de Oncologia Clínica do Hospital Erasto Gaertner do Paraná, entre os meses de maio a junho de 2014, sendo 33,3% com linfoma de Hodgkin e 66,7% com linfoma não Hodgkin. Segundo a ASG 100% dos pacientes foram considerados como nutridos, porém 46,7% dos pacientes apresentaram perda ponderal. Segundo a AMB, 57% dos pacientes apresentaram algum grau de desnutrição. Em relação ao IMC, 26,7% dos adultos estavam eutróficos, 30% com sobrepeso, 13,3% obesidade e nenhum com desnutrição, já nos idosos 6,7% estavam abaixo do peso, 6,7% eutróficos e 16,7% com excesso de peso. Houve diminuição na ingestão alimentar por parte dos pacientes após início da quimioterapia, sendo náuseas, disgeusia, xerostomia e obstipação os sintomas mais frequentes. Considerando os sintomas gastrointestinais que interferem diretamente no padrão alimentar e a perda ponderal ocasionados pelo tratamento quimioterápico, os pacientes oncohematológicos devem ser considerados pacientes em risco nutricional e receber acompanhamento nutricional especializado, visando minimizar seus efeitos colaterais adversos e melhorar sua qualidade de vida.Palavras chave: Linfoma. Nutrição. Quimioterapia. AbstractLymphomas are a malignant neoplasm which arises in the lymph nodes, which are involved in fighting infection. This cancer had the highest increase in incidence among oncohematological diseases. The objective of the study was evaluate the possible gastrointestinal symptoms presented by the patient during treatment and relates them to food intake and nutritional status. The subjective global assessment was performed; body mass index, arm muscle area and assessed food intake, as well as presence of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with lymphoma undergoing outpatient chemotherapy. The sample consisted of 30 patients of the Oncology Clinic Erasto Gaertner Hospital of Paraná service, between the months of May and June 2014, 33.3% with Hodgkin's lymphoma and 66.7% with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. According to ASG 100% of patients were considered nourished, but 46.7% of patients had weight loss. According to the AMB, 57% of patients had some degree of malnutrition. In the BMI, 26.7% of adults were eutrophic, 30% were overweight, 13.3% were obese and none with malnutrition, in relation to the elderly 6.7% were underweight, 6.7% were eutrophic and 16.7 % overweight. There was a decrease in f...

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