Cytotoxicity of xyloglucan from Copaifera langsdorffii and its complex with oxovanadium (IV/V) on B16F10 cells

Vanadium and Melanoma: A Systematic Review

“…B16F10 cells were treated with several concentrations of compound 6, XGC:VO, which was cytotoxic in a concentration-dependent fashion. After 24 h of incubation, XGC:VO treatment decreased cells viability by 23% and 50% at 2.5 µg/mL and 300 µg/mL, respectively, though similar to what was observed with the polysaccharide XGC alone [32].…”

“…The several applications of the diversity of vanadium species, compounds, complexes and polyoxovanadates, including anticancer activities, drew attention of scientists in recent decades due to its effects against various types of diseases [16,17,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][40][41][42][43][44][45]. With this review, we intend to make a comprehensive collection of updated information about the potential use of vanadium compounds in the treatment of melanoma, from studies already carried out, to facilitate and optimize future research.…”

“…Regarding the eight vanadium(IV/V) solutions, seven are complexes of oxidovanadium (IV) and/or salts of oxidovanadium (compounds 1, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 11) and one is the monomeric vanadate species itself (compound 4). The structure of these vanadium compounds and/or vanadium materials [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] are represented in Table 1. It should be noted that compound 6 can be formed with both vanadium oxidation states IV (oxidovanadium(IV)) and V (vanadate) being compounds 4 and 5 described in two articles [30,31], while compounds 5, 8 and 9 were referred in the same article [31] (Table 1).…”

“…Apoptotic analysis using flow cytometry was carried out to study the apoptotic effects of compound 6 (XGC:VO) and XGC alone, in B16F10 cells [32]. Cells were studied after 24 h treatments.…”

“…The effects on the respiration of B16F10 cells treated with compound 6 XGC:VO (5 and 25 µg/mL) for 24 h were studied by high-resolution respirometry in an Oxygraph-2k [32]. The results showed an inhibition of cellular respiration.…”