Tyrosol May Prevent Obesity by Inhibiting Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes

Abstract

Tyrosol (TR), a major polyphenol found in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), exerts several antioxidant effects. However, only scarce evidences are present regarding its activity on adipocytes and obesity. This study evaluated the role of TR in adipogenesis. Murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were incubated with TR (300 and 500 μM), and TR administration inhibited adipogenesis by downregulation of several adipogenic factors (leptin and aP2) and transcription factors (C/EBPα, PPARγ, SREBP1c, and Glut4) and by modulation of the histone deacetylase sirtuin 1. After complete differentiation, adipocytes treated with 300 and 500 μM TR showed a reduction of 20% and 30% in lipid droplets, respectively. Intracellular triglycerides were significantly reduced after TR treatment ( p < 0.05 ). Mature adipocytes treated with TR at 300 and 500 μM showed a marked decrease in the inflammatory state and oxidative stress as shown by the modulation of specific biomarkers (TNF, IL6, ROS, and SOD2). TR treatment also acted on the early stage of differentiation by reducing cell proliferation (~40%) and inducing cell cycle arrest during Mitotic Expansion Clonal (first 48 h of differentiation), as shown by the increase in both S1 phase and p21 protein expression. We also showed that TR induced lipolysis by activating the AMPK-ATGL-HSL pathway. In conclusion, we provided evidence that TR reduces 3T3-L1 differentiation through downregulation of adipogenic proteins, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Moreover, TR may trigger adipose tissue browning throughout the induction of the AMPK-ATGL-UCP1 pathway and, subsequently, may have promise as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment and prevention of obesity.

Tyrosol improves ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma in rat model through prevention of airway inflammation

“…It has been stated that the daily consumption of olive oil in the Mediterranean diet may have an anticancer effect and that the tyrosol in its content contributes to this. However, anti-depressant, anti-stress, anti-in ammatory and antiapoptotic effects of tyrosol have also been reported in previous studies (Paci ci et al 2020;Qi et al 2020). The protective e cacy of tyrosol, which has been reported to have many biological activities up to date, in an experimental animal asthma model was investigated in the study.…”

Tyrosol Ameliorates the Symptoms of Obesity, Promotes Adipose Thermogenesis, and Modulates the Composition of Gut Microbiota in HFD Fed Mice

“…[ 34 ] Pacifici et al. [ 23 ] found that tyrosol could inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3 cells by regulating AMPK‐ATGL‐UCP1 pathway. Consistent with these reports, the results of our study revealed that PGC‐1α and PRDM16 could be the key regulators of tyrosol induced thermogenesis.…”

“…[ 23,24 ] Interestingly, Pacifici et al. [ 23 ] reported that tyrosol significantly upregulated UCP1 gene expression of 3T3‐L1 cells. However, whether the consumption of tyrosol affects obesity and thermogenesis is actually not yet be elucidated.…”

Paeonol suppresses lipid formation and promotes lipid degradation in adipocytes

“…In a previous study, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cloned and amplified from Swiss3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Following induction in vitro , 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiated into mature adipocytes, which can be used as an in vitro model to simulate the adipocyte differentiation process and the function of viable adipocyte tissue ( 25 ). 3T3-L1 preadipocytes are internationally recognized cell lines for the study of the adipogenic process ( 26 ).…”