Introduction: Conserving surgery in the treatment of breast cancer, in association with radiotherapy, has replaced mastectomy in most cases. However, depending on the location and size of tumor, the classic conservative surgery can present unfavourable aesthetic results and high levels of commitment of the surgical margins. The oncoplastic breast surgery can have high local control rates and cause minimum breast deformities, leading to a better aesthetic result. Objective: To report cases of 30 patients with primary unilateral breast carcinoma who underwent oncoplastic surgery between 2013 and 2015. Methods: We used local and regional dermo-glandular rotation techniques. The average age of patients was 58.9 years. The average tumor size was 2.53 cm. Three patients had close or positive surgical margins and underwent a new surgical procedure. Results: The aesthetic result was evaluated by the BCCT.core program and was considered excellent in 11 cases, good in 12 cases and regular in 7 cases. Six patients had postoperative complications. Conclusion: The use of local and regional dermo-glandular rotation techniques allows extensive resections in breast conserving surgery, leading to a satisfying symmetry and a good aesthetic result without the need of symmetrization, with low postoperative complication rates and high rates of free surgical margins.KEYWORDS: Breast cancer; breast reconstruction; surgical flaps; surgical margins; cosmetic techniques. ABSTRACT RESUMOIntrodução: A cirurgia conservadora no tratamento do câncer de mama, associada à radioterapia, tem substituído a mastectomia na maioria dos casos. Entretanto, dependendo da localização e do tamanho do tumor, a cirurgia conservadora clássica pode resultar em um resultado estético insatisfatório e em altos índices de comprometimento de margens cirúrgicas. A cirurgia oncoplástica da mama pode apresentar altas taxas de controle local, causando deformidades mamárias mínimas, levando a um melhor resultado estético. Objetivo: Relatar casos de 30 pacientes com carcinoma mamário unilateral que foram submetidas à cirurgia oncoplástica da mama entre 2013 e 2015. Métodos: Foram utilizadas técnicas de rotação dermoglandular local e regional. A idade média das pacientes foi de 58,9 anos. O tamanho médio do tumor foi 2,53 cm. Três pacientes apresentaram margens cirúrgicas exíguas ou comprometidas, sendo submetidas a novo procedimento cirúrgico. Resultados: O resultado estético foi avaliado pelo programa BCCT.core, sendo considerado excelente em 11 casos, bom em 12 casos e regular em 7 casos. Seis pacientes apresentaram complicações pós-operatórias. Conclusão: A utilização de técnicas de rotação dermoglandular local e regional permite ressecções extensas na cirurgia conservadora da mama, permitindo uma simetria satisfatória e um bom resultado estético sem a necessidade de simetrização, com baixos índices de complicação pós-operatória e altas taxas de margens cirúrgicas livres.
Objective: Delay in breast cancer treatment can lead to advanced stages of the disease and higher associated mortality. The north of Minas Gerais is a transition area between the southeast and northeast of the country, has a vast territorial extension, and has a great social need, where there have been no previous studies on breast cancer diagnosis and treatment delay. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the time elapsed between detection, diagnosis, and treatment in patients with breast cancer treated at a High Complexity Care Unit in Oncology (UNACON) in the north of Minas Gerais, identifying breast cancer treatment delay-associated factors. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that evaluated secondary data, analyzing the total interval (defined as the time elapsed from the first symptom or mammographic abnormality to treatment initiation) and associated factors for treatment delay in breast cancer patients at an oncology referral center in the north of Minas Gerais. A logistic regression model was used to define the associated factors, assuming a significance of up to 5% in the final model. In all, 300 medical records were analyzed between 2016 and 2018. All ethical precepts for conducting the research were respected. Data collection was authorized by the health institution. The research project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the State University of Montes Claros (no 3.840.184/2020) as recommended by the guidelines of Resolution No. 466/2012 of the National Health Council of the Ministry of Health. Results: The median time of the total interval was 179.5 days, with 76.0% of patients presenting a delay in treatment initiation. The chances of delay in the total interval were greater in patients with lower education (odds ratio [OR]=2.01), with access to public cancer centers (OR=4.47), patients diagnosed by clinical examination (OR=2.24), and with brown and black skin color (OR=2.00). Conclusion: An important delay in treatment initiation for breast cancer patients was observed, and the associated variables highlight social inequalities. Therefore, it is recommended that more equitable strategies for women’s health care be adopted in northern Minas Gerais.
O câncer de pele não-melanoma é a neoplasia maligna mais comum no Brasil. Seu subtipo menos frequente, o carcinoma espinocelular (CEC), pode ser agressivo, mas, na maioria das vezes, é completamente curado por medidas terapêuticas locais. Relatamos o caso de uma mulher de 75 anos que apresentava lesão de 2,5 cm em dorso da mão esquerda diagnosticada como CEC bem diferenciado. Foi submetida à ressecção da lesão com margem cirúrgica de 1,5 cm. Após 75 dias da cirurgia, paciente retornou com linfadenomegalia axilar esquerda. Foi realizada biópsia, que conclui tratar-se de CEC bem diferenciado metastático. O tratamento proposto foi linfadenectomia axilar com radioterapia adjuvante. Paciente evoluiu com recidiva axilar ulcerada e dor intensa, sendo realizada ressecção ampliada da lesão. Foi proposto à paciente desarticulação interescapulotorácica e a paciente concordou com a realização do procedimento. Atualmente, encontra-se em controle ambulatorial, sem sinais de recidiva ou metástases à distância. O caso clínico mostra uma evolução atípica de um CEC bem diferenciado, com lesão primária em dorso da mão esquerda e metástase linfonodal axilar precoce, com comprometimento da qualidade de vida. Optamos pela desarticulação interescapulotorácica devido à presença de um tumor localmente avançado, a não funcionalidade do membro, a possibilidade de melhor higienização local e a ausência de metástases em outros sítios. Palavras-chave: Câncer de pele. Carcinoma Espinocelular. Metástase. Recidiva. Desarticulação interescapulotorácica.
Introduction: Techniques for breast reconstruction are becoming the new standard of care for breast cancer patients. In this context, reconstruction surgery of the nipple-areolar complex consists of an essential surgical approach to obtain a satisfactory esthetic result. Objectives: The article proposes a modification in a preexisting technique that would have less soft tissue loss and, consequently, better esthetic outcomes. Methods: Four patients underwent reconstruction of the mammary papilla with the technique proposed at Santa Casa de Ilhéus and Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte (SCBH). The technique consists of modifying the four-square flap. De-epithelialization of a lateral wing of the dermatoglossal flap is performed, which will remain in the center of the flap, providing increased central volume and increased vascularization. Results: Patients underwent nipple reconstruction with local anesthesia at least six months after breast reconstruction. They were then evaluated 30 days, 90 days and 180 days after the procedure. The volume and projection of the nipples were evaluated by photographic records. Discussion: There are numerous neo-nipple surgical descriptions, most of them presenting significant volume loss with impairment of body image. Several factors may contribute to nipple flattening after reconstruction, including the absence of natural anatomic infrastructure, inadequate vascularization of flaps, presence of centrifugal forces contrary to the reconstructed prominence, and dermal thickening of the available tissue. Conclusion: The technique detailed in the study maintains greater volume in the central part of the flap aiming to less flap volume loss and greater projection, with more satisfactory and long-lasting esthetic results. The short-term results are encouraging.
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