This paper recovers the origins of the term "humanization of childbirth", the recogni -

As evidências sobre os benefícios do apoio contínuo durante o parto levou à recomendação de que este apoio deve ser oferecido a todas as mulheres. No Brasil, ele é garantido por lei desde 2005, mas os dados sobre a sua implementação são escassos. Nosso objetivo foi estimar a frequência e fatores sociodemográficos, obstétricos e institucionais associados à presença de acompanhantes durante o parto na pesquisa Nascer no Brasil. Foi feita análise estatística descritiva para a caracterização dos acompanhantes (em diferentes momentos do tempo da internação), fatores maternos e institucionais; as associações foram investigadas em modelos bi e multivariada. Vimos que 24,5% das mulheres não tiveram acompanhante algum, 18,8% tinham companhia contínua, 56,7% tiveram acompanhamento parcial. Preditores independentes de não ter algum, ou parcial, foram: menor renda e escolaridade, cor parda da pele, usar o setor público, multiparidade e parto vaginal. A implementação do acompanhante foi associada com ambiência adequada e regras institucionais claras sobre os direitos das mulheres ao acompanhante.

Social inequalities and women's satisfaction with childbirth care in Brazil: a national hospital-based surveyDesigualdades sociais e satisfação das mulheres com o atendimento ao parto no Brasil: estudo nacional de base hospitalar Diferencias sociales y satisfacción de las mujeres con la atención al parto en Brasil: estudio nacional de base hospitalaria

Objective To describe clinical characteristics of pregnant and postpartum women with severe COVID‐19 in Brazil and to examine risk factors for mortality. Design Cross‐sectional study based on secondary surveillance database analysis. Setting Nationwide Brazil. Population or sample 978 Brazilian pregnant and postpartum women notified as COVID‐19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) cases with complete outcome (death or cure) up to 18 June 2020. Methods Data was abstracted from the Brazilian ARDS Surveillance System (ARDS‐SS) database. All eligible cases were included. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, intensive care resources use and outcomes were collected. Risk factors for mortality were examined by multivariate logistic regression. Main outcome measures Case fatality rate. Results We identified 124 maternal deaths, corresponding to a case fatality rate among COVID‐19 ARDS cases in the obstetric population of 12.7%. At least one comorbidity was present in 48.4% of fatal cases compared with 24.9% in survival cases. Among women who died, 58.9% were admitted to ICU, 53.2% had invasive ventilation and 29.0% had no respiratory support. The multivariate logistic regression showed that the main risk factors for maternal death by COVID‐19 were being postpartum at onset of ARDS, obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, whereas white ethnicity had a protective effect. Conclusions Negative outcomes of COVID‐19 in this population are affected by clinical characteristics but social determinants of health also seem to play a role. It is urgent to reinforce containment measures targeting the obstetric population and ensure high quality care throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period. Tweetable abstract A total of 124 COVID‐19 maternal deaths were identified in Brazil. Symptoms onset at postpartum and comorbidities are risk factors.

Resumo O excesso de intervenções no parto no Brasil tem sido reportado como violência obstétrica e contribui para os índices elevados morbi-mortalidade materna e neonatal. A exposição Sentidos do Nascer busca incentivar o parto normal para promover a saúde e melhorar a experiência de parir e nascer no País. Este artigo analisa o perfil e a experiência de parto de 555 mulheres que visitaram a exposição durante a gestação, com enfoque na percepção sobre violência obstétrica. A violência obstétrica foi reportada por 12,6% das mulheres e associada ao estado civil, à menor renda, à ausência de companheiro, ao parto em posição litotômica, à realização da manobra de Kristeller e à separação precoce do bebê após o parto. Predominaram nos relatos de violência obstétrica: intervenção não consentida/aceita com informações parciais, cuidado indigno/abuso verbal; abuso físico; cuidado não confidencial/privativo e discriminação. A visita à exposição aumentou o conhecimento das gestantes sobre violência obstétrica. Entretanto, o reconhecimento de procedimentos obsoletos ou danosos na assistência ao parto como violência obstétrica foi ainda baixo. Iniciativas como esta podem contribuir para ampliar o conhecimento e a mobilização social sobre as práticas na assistência ao parto e nascimento.

OBJECTIVE:To estimate the prevalence of physical and/or sexual violence by intimate partners and factors associated with this, in different sociocultural contexts. METHODS:This cross-sectional study was part of the "WHO Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence against Women". It consisted of representative samples of women from the municipality of São Paulo (Southeastern Brazil) and from the Zona da Mata of Pernambuco (Northeastern Brazil), this latter is a region with more traditional gender norms. Interviews were conducted in the homes of 940 women in São Paulo and 1,188 in the Zona da Mata, in the years 2000-1. The women were aged 15 to 49 years and had all had at least one intimate partnership with a man during their lifetimes. Three sets of factors were constructed, corresponding to hierarchically organized categories: sociodemographic, family and female autonomy/submission characteristics. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with intimate partner violence at each location. RESULTS:A prevalence of 28.9% was found in Sao Paulo (95% CI 26.0;31.8) and 36.9% (95% CI 34.1;39.6) in Zona da Mata. Up to eight years of schooling, conjugal physical violence between the women's parents, sexual abuse during childhood, fi ve or more pregnancies and drinking problems were associated with intimate partner violence at both locations. Financial autonomy for the woman, informal partnership, age and consent to the fi rst sexual intercourse were associated with higher rates only in Zona da Mata. The socioeconomic characteristics that presented associations in the fi rst category were mediated by other factors in the fi nal model. CONCLUSIONS:The fi ndings show the relativization of socioeconomic factors in relation to other factors, particularly those representing gender attributes. Sociocultural differences were found between the two locations, and these were refl ected in the associated factors.

This study evaluated data on the incidence of maternal near miss identified on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria from the Birth in Brazil survey. The study was conducted between February 2011 and October 2012. The results presented are estimates for the study population (2,337,476 births), based on a sample of 23,894 women interviewed. The results showed an incidence of maternal near miss of 10.21 per 1,000 live births and a near-miss-to-mortality ratio of 30.8 maternal near miss to every maternal death. Maternal near miss was identified most prevalently by clinical criteria, at incidence of 5.2 per 1,000 live births. Maternal near miss was associated with maternal age 35 or more years (RR=1.6; 95%CI: 1.1-2.5), a history of previous cesarean delivery (RR=1.9; 95%CI: 1.1-3.4) and high-risk pregnancy (RR=4.5; 95%CI: 2.8-7.0). incidence of maternal near miss was also higher at hospitals in capital cities (RR=2.2; 95%CI: 1.3-3.8) and those belonging to Brazil's national health service, the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) (RR=3.2; 95%CI: 1.6-6.6). Improved quality of childbirth care services can help reduce maternal mortality in Brazil.

Objective: To evaluate whether clinical and social risk factors are associated with negative outcomes for COVID-19 disease among Brazilian pregnant and postpartum women. Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted of the official Acute Respiratory Syndrome Surveillance System database. Pregnant and postpartum women diagnosed with COVID-19 ARDS until July 14, 2020, were included. Adverse outcomes were a composite endpoint of either death, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), or mechanical ventilation. Risk factors were examined by multiple logistic regression. Results: There were 2475 cases of COVID-19 ARDS. Among them, 23.8% of women had the composite endpoint and 8.2% died. Of those who died, 5.9% were not hospitalized, 39.7% were not admitted to the ICU, 42.6% did not receive mechanical ventilation, and 25.5% did not have access to respiratory support. Multivariate analysis showed that postpartum period, age over 35 years, obesity, diabetes, black ethnicity, living in a peri-urban area, no access to Family Health Strategy, or living more than 100 km from the notification hospital were associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Conclusion: Clinical and social risk factors and barriers to access health care are associated with adverse outcomes among maternal cases of COVID-19 ARDS in Brazil.