The past few decades have shown a worrisome increase in the prevalence of obesity and its related illnesses. This increasing burden has a noteworthy impact on overall worldwide mortality and morbidity, with significant economic implications as well. The same trend is apparent regarding pediatric obesity. This is a particularly concerning aspect when considering the well-established link between cardiovascular disease and obesity, and the fact that childhood obesity frequently leads to adult obesity. Moreover, most obese adults have a history of excess weight starting in childhood. In addition, given the cumulative character of both time and severity of exposure to obesity as a risk factor for associated diseases, the repercussions of obesity prevalence and related morbidity could be exponential in time. The purpose of this review is to outline key aspects regarding the current knowledge on childhood and adolescent obesity as a cardiometabolic risk factor, as well as the most common etiological pathways involved in the development of weight excess and associated cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
In this study, more than half of the patients chronically infected with the hepatitis C virus, who had hepatic cytolysis and were treated with simvastatin, showed a significant reduction in the level of viremia.
Summary The process of cytodifferentiation in spermatogenesis is governed by a unique genetic and molecular programme. In this context, accurate ‘tuning’ of the regulatory mechanisms involved in germ cells differentiation is required, as any error could have dramatic consequences on species survival and maintenance. To study the processes that govern the spatial–temporal expression of genes, as well as analyse transmission of epigenetic information to descendants, an integrated approach of genetics, biochemistry and cytology data is necessary. As information in the literature on interplay between DNA methylation and histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) in the advanced stages of murine spermatogenesis is still scarce, we investigated the effect of a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, at the cytological level using immunocytochemistry methodology. Our results revealed a particular distribution of H3K4me3 during sperm cell differentiation and highlighted an important role for regulation of DNA methylation in controlling histone methylation and chromatin remodelling during spermatogenesis.
In this paper are highlighted the stresses that appear in the peri-implantation area through the forces induced by the masticatory process. The analysis consists of computer modeling of the dental implant and simulation of the load with a distributed force. It is considered a variable direction loading related to the axial insertion of the dental implant, thus simulating an important masticatory process. This type of load reveals stresses developed in the periimplantary bone area, the risk areas where the stresses can cause the appearance of hard tissue damage near the implant and its failure. Increases in stresses up to 159% in the ruminant type of chewing compared with the cutter type are highlighted. An aggravating factor that can lead to implant failure is bruxism that tangentially stresses the implant leading to the concentration of forces at the abutment-implant junction. Conclusions regarding the decrease of stresses at bone-implant junction with up to 23% by a corresponding increase of the implant diameter by 25% are also issued.
Nursing theories have been developed to provide guidance in clinical practice, so their knowledge by nurses is mandatory in order to provide advanced nursing care. This paper presents the relationships between the concepts and major assumptions of Henderson’s model and Orem’s theory and then their comparative analysis. Both, Henderson’s model and Orem’s theory of self-care deficit have a major impact, internationally, in education and research, but also in nursing practice, as a result of which their knowledge can open a new perspective on care, especially in countries where they are not well enough known.
Alcohol consumption is the third major risk factor for the "ill health" in EU, after tobacco and blood pressure, accounting of 7.2 % of the total burden of diseases (12% in males and 2% in females). The aim of this study is to underline the effects of alcohol drinking on the Romanians' health, in order to mobilize the national stakeholders for developing a long-term cross-sectoral strategy on alcohol control. A descriptive approach was done based on regular data from national and international public databases. The effect of alcohol drinking on health status was evaluated through alcohol consumption (no. of pure alcohol liters per capita and per year and prevalence of alcohol drinkers) and alcohol attributable mortality measured as number of deaths and as number of potential years of life lost. Alcohol consumption has an important impact on the health status of the Romanian population in terms of number of deaths and of years of life lost, accounting around 20000 deaths in 2002 and 12 years of life lost per each death. Synergic measures are required to control this problem, in line with the EU strategy, but taking into consideration the national context.
The aim of the study is the early detection of OHT (Ocular hypertension) in patients, in the activity of secondary prophylaxis (opportunity screening-medical check-up), to prevent blindness caused by POAG (Primary Open Angle Glaucoma). In Romania, medical examination of personnel with responsibilities in Transport Safety (TS) is legally regulated, being mandatory as a result of the internal transposition of European legislation in the field. The addressability of the patients for examination was determined by personal choice, depending on the accessibility of the medical service on the profile market (availability and price). The design of the study is epidemiological, observational, descriptive and retrospective. The standardized medical protocol included: personal medical history (anamnesis), physical ophthalmological examination, Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement and Visual Field (VF) performance, with Automated Perimeter “Optopol PTS 910” through “Fast Threshold” strategy. The specialized medical research was completed with a dichotomous questionnaire entitled “Symptom Inventory”, made according to the recommendations of patients resulting from “Focus group” research. The study was carried out within the “Check-up” type medical controls upon request, only for personnel with positions in Transport Safety (TS), during January–December 2021 at S.C. ARTIMED S.R.L. Oradea, Bihor County. Health analysis was performed for 820 people, of whom 71 people (8.65%) tested positive for IOP > 21 mmHg, (suspected OHT) compared to 749 (91.35%) with normal values (Normal intraocular pressure-NIOP); the two lots being statistically significantly different (x2 = 560.590, df = 1, p = 0.000). The study involved 754 men (92.0%) and 66 women (8.0%), the sex ratio is 11.42 (Exp (B) = 0.782, Sig = 0.558, 95% CI = 0.343–1783; sex is not a significant predictor at the 5% level). The prevalence of OHT was 8.66% for the whole group, 8.48% for men and 10.60% for women. In the screening action for the whole group of patients the following was determined: IOP reference = 20.85 mmHg, Sensitivity (Se) = 91.5% and 1-Specificity (Sp) = 0.073, (Sp = 92.7%). The predictive value of the screening test was: Positive Predictive Value (PPV) = 90.1% and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) = 91.7%; Area under the ROC Curve (Receiver Operating Characteristic) = 0.986, Sig. = 0.000, CI95% = 0.979–0.993. A binary logistical model of a questionnaire was developed to determine the screening parameters which significantly predicted OHT: IOP (OR = 4.154, 95% CI: 3.155–5.469), Age < 40 years (OR = 0.408, 95% CI: 0.239–0.698) and Pattern Defect (PD) (OR = 1.475% CI: 1.130–1.925). The results of this study assess health status through regular medical examinations, and highlight their importance and usefulness in secondary prevention activity. The particularity of this “check-up” type for personnel with attributions in transport safety is based on two essential aspects: the legal obligation to perform it and the fact it is financed by the beneficiary (the employer). In patients suspected of OHT after antiglaucoma treatment, IOP statistically significantly decreased.
We evaluated patients who presented with thyroid dysfunction correlated symptoms that started when the Government took important measures to reduce the spread of COVID-19. These measures have influenced the safety of many people’s jobs. Data were collected from 378 patients that were clinically evaluated at the Endocrinology Department, between September 2020 and January 2021. Their health status modifications were statistically analyzed in correlation with their life and work changes. These changes were induced by measures associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The lifestyle changes correlated with the COVID-19 pandemic have been present in both categories of patients: euthyroid and dysthyroid patients; 87.50% of euthyroid patients physically felt the pandemic-induced changes in their lives. It resulted in changes in lifestyle and job insecurity has a statistically significant influence (p < 0.01) on their state of health. The presence of life/work changes in men is strongly reflected in their state of health (p = 0.0004). Work instability that occurred as a side effect of the COVID-19 pandemic induced symptoms that made many people believe they have an endocrinology disorder.
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