La pérdida de recursos forestales en la región Huasteca es un problema complejo que requiere un enfoque multidisciplinario y un proceso participativo de actores locales para detectar problemas y elaborar estrategias para mitigarlos. El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar la percepción local de la población respecto a la valoración ambiental y pérdida de los recursos forestales en el “Ejido Laguna del Mante” y la “Comunidad Tocoy” de la Huasteca de San Luis Potosí. Se desarrolló una metodología de análisis para avaluar la percepción local de la población y se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a actores claves. Asimismo, se realizó un mapeo participativo de percepción del pasado, presente y futuro de los recursos forestales y otros usos de suelo. Finalmente, se clasificó y calculó el cambio de cobertura y uso de suelo para ambas comunidades. Los resultados indican que la población percibe la pérdida y degradación de sus recursos forestales de acuerdo con su conocimiento local, basado fundamentalmente en las experiencias de sus actividades productivas, expresadas en entrevistas y mapas participativos de percepción. Ambas comunidades sufrieron procesos considerables de deforestación en el periodo 1973-2014. La metodología sobre percepción local apoyadas en mapeo participativo y análisis de cambios de cobertura y uso de suelo, permitió entender escenarios del estado de los recursos forestales y la dinámica productiva desarrollada en el área de estudio, y debe servir como herramienta para el desarrollo de estrategias y generación de políticas locales en post de la conservación y manejo de coberturas forestales en la Huasteca.
This study aims to analyze temporal changes in land use and land cover change (LUCC) as well as identify areas for natural regeneration and potential areas for forest restoration in the Huasteca region for the period from 1976 to 2007. Changes were quantified in numbers and, additionally, cartography was used to identify and map the main affected areas. Different models based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) demonstrated that LUCC have occurred on an area of 11718.82 km 2 , representing 17.84% of the region's surface. Agriculture and the growth of pasture could be identified as the main human-induced activities that have led to landscape modification. In addition, forest cover is affected by a deforestation rate which is higher than the national average. Further important changes include a change from natural land cover to non-original land cover, affecting an area of 4911.88 km 2 in the period from 1976-1993, and an area of 1892.5 km 2 in the period from 1993-2002. Smaller changes could be observed for the period from 1993-2002 with an affected area of 1029.78 km 2. At the same time, a natural regeneration from nonoriginal to original land cover took place from 1976-1993 on an area of 1318.68 km 2 , and also on an area of 974.18 km 2 between 1993 an 2002. The surface that underwent a natural regeneration of forest cover made up 1932.07 km 2. At the same time, an area of 5739.29 km 2 for potential forest restoration was identified. Drawing on GIS methods and techniques, the development of thematic maps for land use, land use and land cover changes for the years of analysis (1976-1993-2002-2007) proved to be very adequate for the evaluation and analysis of the land cover and land use change, in particular with regard to the decrease of natural vegetation cover.
We report the complete chloroplast sequences of two varieties of Theobroma cacao collected in the Bolivian Amazonia using Next-Generation Sequencing. Comparisons made between these two chloroplast genomes and the Belizean reference plastid genome identified 19 and 22 nucleotide variants. The phylogenetic analysis reported three main T. cacao clades belonging to the Forastero, Criollo and Trinitario groups. The Bolivian Native Cacao varieties were located inside the Trinitario group forming their unique branch. The Bolivian Native Cacao branch reveals a possible new subpopulation different from the well-characterized T. cacao subpopulations. The phylogenetic trees showed that the relationships among the T. cacao varieties were consistent with their geographical locations placing the Cacao Center of Origin in Western Amazon. The data presented here will contribute to the usage of ultrabarcoding to distinguish different T. cacao varieties and to identify native cacaos from introduced cacaos. Thus helping in the conservation of local native varieties of T. cacao.
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