Rheumatic carditis was the most common manifestation of rheumatic fever, predominant in the group with a racial mixture of Caucasian and Indian (60.6%). Low compliance with antibiotic therapy contributed to the recurrence of the disease and to cardiac sequelae.

RESUMOIntrodução: A curva de aprendizado é uma das limitações da técnica radial. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência desse aprendizado nos resultados de procedimentos realizados pelo acesso radial. Métodos: Estudo de coorte prospectivo, com pacientes submetidos a cateterismo cardía-co e alocados no grupo A (intervenções realizadas por operadores com > 500 procedimentos por via radial) e no grupo B (intervenções realizadas por operadores com < 500 procedimentos por via radial). O pulso radial foi avaliado com Doppler antes, imediatamente após e aos sete dias da intervenção. Resultados: O estudo incluiu 58 pacientes no grupo A e 62 no grupo B. A maioria era do sexo feminino (57,5%), com média de idade de 59 + 10,3 anos, e 25% eram diabéticos. A doença arterial coronária foi diagnosticada em igual proporção entre os grupos (43,9% vs. 42,4%; P > 0,99), mas a doença valvar apresentou maior prevalência no grupo A (24,1% vs. 3,2%; P = 0,001). A taxa de crossover para a técnica femoral foi semelhante (1,7% vs. 1,6%; P > 0,99). Os operadores com maior experiência realizaram os procedimentos com menor tempo de punção e de fluoroscopia e com menor tempo total de exame (13,2 + 5,2 minutos vs. 16,3 + 4,8 minutos; P = 0,001). Não ocorreram complicações maiores. Não foram observadas diferenças em relação à presença de hematomas tipo I (12% vs. 3,2%), tipo II (1,7% vs. 1,7%) e tipo III (0 vs. 1,7%). Na avaliação pelo Doppler, o fluxo do pulso e a oclusão da artéria radial foram semelhantes entre os grupos. Conclusões: A curva de aprendizado exerce papel importante em alguns dos desfechos relacionados aos procedimentos pela via de acesso radial. Operadores experientes realizam exames com menor tempo total, de fluoroscopia e de punção. DESCRITORES: Cateterismo cardíaco. Artéria radial. Curva de aprendizado. ABSTRACT Influence of the Learning Curve in Percutaneous Procedures by Transradial ApproachBackground: The learning curve is one of the limitations of the transradial technique. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the learning curve in the outcomes of procedures using the radial approach. Methods: Prospective cohort study in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization allocated to Group A (interventions performed by operators with > 500 procedures by radial approach) and Group B (interventions performed by operators with < 500 procedures by radial approach). Radial pulse was evaluated by Doppler before, immediately after and seven days after the intervention. Results: Fifty-eight patients were included in Group A and 62 in Group B. Most of them were female (57.5%), with mean age of 59 + 10.3 years and 25% were diabetic. Coronary artery disease was diagnosed in equal proportion between groups (43.9% vs. 42.4%; P > 0.99), but valve disease was more prevalent in Group A (24.1% vs. 3.2%; P = 0.001). The crossover rate for the femoral technique was similar (1.7% vs. 1.6%; P > 0.99). The more experienced operators performed the procedures with shorter puncture, fluoroscopy and total procedure time (13...

RESUMOIntrodução: Estudos demonstram que as angioplastias primárias realizadas fora do horário de rotina estão relacionadas a pior prognóstico. É objetivo deste estudo avaliar os desfechos das angioplastias primárias realizadas dentro e fora do horário de rotina do serviço de hemodinâmica. Método: Estudo de coorte prospectivo, incluindo 112 pacientes consecutivamente atendidos por infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAM) entre dezembro de 2009 e janeiro de 2010. Características clínicas e angiográficas e evolução hospitalar foram registradas em banco de dados específico. Houve dois grupos para comparação: grupo A, IAM tratado entre as 20 horas e as 8 horas e B, IAM tratado entre as 8 horas e as 20 horas. Resultados: A amostra incluiu 44 pacientes no grupo A e 68 no grupo B. As características basais foram semelhantes em ambos os grupos. O tempo porta-balão foi significativamente maior no grupo A (133 minutos vs. 90 minutos; P < 0,001). No entanto, não houve diferença significante entre os grupos A e B em relação a mortalidade (13,7% vs. 5,9%; P = 0,28), reinfarto (6,8% vs. 4,4%; P = 0,90), evolução para choque cardiogênico (11,4% vs. 4,4%; P = 0,30), trombose de stent (6,8% vs. 1,5%; P = 0,33) ou presença de sangramento maior (2,3% vs. 1,5%; P > 0,99). O único preditor do desfecho hospitalar combinado foi a frequência cardíaca à admissão (razão de chance 1,02; P < 0,001). Conclusão: Pacientes com IAM apresentam taxas de desfechos clínicos semelhantes, independentemente do horário de realização da angioplastia, porém o tempo porta-balão é significativamente maior nos pacientes tratados entre as 20 horas e as 8 horas. DESCRITORES:Infarto do miocárdio. Angioplastia. Reperfusão miocárdica.

Six Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains from cachaça fermentation were characterized for biomass, ethanol, glycerol, and acetic acid yields, as well as productivity. Three strains presenting the best fermentation parameters were selected for cachaça production. The experiments were carried out in an industrial distillery that distills this beverage in a stainless steel column, and in a traditional distillery that uses copper alembic for distillation. The permanence of the selected strains was studied by restriction fragment analysis of mitochondrial DNA. Strains UFMG-A1007 and UFMG-A2097 were prevalent in the vats during the 5 days of the fermentation period. Non-Saccharomyces strains were isolated during the entire fermentation period. In general, the cachaças produced in the stainless steel column had the highest concentrations of volatile acidity, acetaldehyde, esters, and higher alcohols. Both cachaças did not differ statistically in aroma, taste, and overall impression. The use of these indigenous S. cerevisiae strains as starter ferment could improve the sensory attributes of both industrial and traditional cachaças.

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background: Although the transradial approach had significantly reduced vascular complications, studies have demonstrated that it may be related to higher radiation exposure. The objective of this study is to compare radiation exposure in invasive cardiologic procedures using the transradial and transfemoral approaches. Methods: Prospective cohort study including patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between August 2010 and December 2011. Clinical, angiographic and radiation exposure characteristics were recorded in a dedicated database. Patients were analyzed according to the access route: femoral or radial. Results: Of the 1,197 patients included in the study, 782 were submitted to procedures using the femoral access and 415 using the radial access. There was a lower prevalence of females (36.2% vs. 45.6%; P < 0.01), previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery (4% vs. 12.7%; P < 0.01) and severe valvular heart disease (0.3% vs. 1.4%; P = 0.07) in the radial group. The median radiation dose received by the patients was higher with the radial approach, both for diagnostic (621.6 mGy vs 445.7 mGy; P < 0.01) and therapeutic procedures (1,241.6 mGy vs 990.9 mGy; P < 0.01). Less experienced operators in the radial approach exposed patients to higher radiation doses (1,463 mGy vs 1,196 mGy; P = 0.02), which did not occur with the more experienced operators (1,311 mGy vs 1,449 mGy; P = 0.84). Conclusions: Patients undergoing invasive cardiologic procedures are exposed to higher radiation levels when the

Background: Invasive cardiologic procedures expose patients and physicians to the risks of ionizing radiation. The aim of this study is to determine patterns and predictors of radiation overexposure during cardiologic procedures. Methods: Prospective cohort study to investigate patients undergoing invasive cardiologic procedures between August 2010 and January 2011 in flat detector fluoroscopy systems. Clinical, angiographic and radiation exposure characteristics were recorded in a dedicated database. Radiation exposure patterns were determined in patients undergoing coronary angiography, elective (e-PCI) and ad hoc (AH-PCI) percutaneous coronary intervention. Independent predictors of increased radiation exposure were identified by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The study population included 670 patients, 419 undergoing coronary angiography, 137 e-PCI and 114 AH-PCI. The mean radiation dose received by the patients was 561.