This study investigated the role of working memory capacity on the making of reinstatement and causal elaborative inferences during the reading of natural texts. In order to determine participants' working memory capacity, they were asked to take the reading span task before they took part in the study. Those participants that were identified as high or low working memory capacity readers were asked to perform a lexical decision task in two conditions: pre-inference and inference. In the pre-inference condition, target words representing reinstatement or causal elaborative inferences were presented immediately before the sentences that were predicted to prompt them. In the inference condition, the target words were presented immediately after the sentences that were predicted to prompt the inferences. Results indicated that, for the high working memory capacity readers, lexical decision times were faster at the inference compared to the pre-inference locations for both types of inferences. In the case of low working capacity readers, lexical decision times were faster at the inference compared to the pre-inference locations only for reinstatement inferences. These findings suggest that working memory capacity plays a role in the making of causal inferences during the comprehension of natural texts.
This study investigated the generation of emotional inferences during the reading and recall of narrative texts. Experiment 1 compared the fit of two simulations of text comprehension to the recall data. One simulation examined causal and referential inferences, while the other examined causal, referential and emotional inferences. We found that the simulation that involved emotional inferences provided a better fit to the human data than the other simulation. Experiment 2 tested whether emotional inferences are generated online by recording lexical decision times at pre-inference and inference locations. Lexical decision times were faster at the inference than the pre-inference locations. These findings suggest that emotional inferences play a role in the understanding of natural texts, and that they require the reader to establish connections between text segments.
This study investigated the generation of emotional inferences during the reading and recall of narrative texts. Experiment 1 compared the fit of two simulations of text comprehension to the recall data. One simulation examined causal and referential inferences, while the other examined causal, referential and emotional inferences. We found that the simulation that involved emotional inferences provided a better fit to the human data than the other simulation. Experiment 2 tested whether emotional inferences are generated online by recording lexical decision times at preinference and inference locations. Lexical decision times were faster at the inference than the preinference locations. These findings suggest that emotional inferences play a role in the understanding of natural texts, and that they require the reader to establish connections between text segments.
El propósito de este trabajo consistió en estudiar el rol de la generación de inferencias en la comprensión de textos narrativos; para ello se realizaron dos simulaciones con el Programa Landscape sobre un texto narrativo natural, una simulación con arreglo de inferencias emocionales y otra sin ellas, que se pusieron en relación con datos conductuales de sujetos, obtenidos del reconocimiento de las oraciones del texto y de su valoración o relevancia para la historial. Con este propósito, participaron 30 adultos universitarios. Leyeron la narración y posteriormente respondieron a un protocolo de reconocimiento y valoraciones de proposiciones del tex to. A continuación se llevó a cabo un análisis de correlaciones y luego un análisis de regresión lineal empleando los valores de proposiciones predichas a partir de dos simulaciones, una simulación causal-referencial (sin emociones) y otra con implementación de inferencias emocionales, como variables predictoras, y los valores obtenidos de reconocimiento y valoración y/o relevancia para la historia, como variables dependientes. El análisis de correlación mostró que ambas simulaciones se asociaron con los valores de reconocimiento y valoración, aunque en mayor medida, la simulación con implementación de inferencias emocionales; pero el análisis de regresión detectó que únicamente la simulación con implementación de inferencias emocionales explicó los datos obtenidos de reconocimiento y valoración.Estos hallazgos sugieren que las inferencias emocionales juegan un rol de importancia en la comprensión de textos narrativos, ya que permiten que el lector focalice su atención hacia determinados puntos de la historia, que serán los nucleares o más importantes.Palabras clave: Simulación; Adultos; Modelo Landscape; Comprensión de narraciones; Inferencias emocionales.
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