Significant damage on vegetable crops by tospoviruses had occurred sporadically in Argentina in the past but since 1994, severe outbreaks have been recorded every year. The crops that have been most affected, tomato, lettuce, and pepper, were surveyed in the provinces of Mendoza and Buenos Aires in 1994–95 and 1995–96. A few weeds and miscellaneous crops were also collected. A total of 543 samples showing symptoms typical for tospoviruses were analysed by double‐antibody sandwich‐enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay with polyclonal antibodies to groundnut ringspot tospovirus (GRSV), impatiens necrotic spot tospovirus (INSV) and tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV). The 339 samples collected in 1995–96 were also assayed for tomato chlorotic spot tospovirus (TCSV). In addition, the incidence of tospoviruses in tomato crops was assessed in 41 farms representing 310 ha and 10 cultivars. GRSV was identified in 222 samples (40.8%), TSWV in 194 samples (32.7%), TCSV in 50 samples (14.7%), INSV was not detected and 77 samples did not react with the antisera used. TSWV was found to prevail in Buenos Aires and GRSV in Mendoza. Mixed infections were not found in this survey. In tomato crops the mean incidence of tospoviruses was 33%. These results show that the disease formerly assigned to TSWV, is caused by at least three tospoviruses.
The objectives of this work were to estimate the capability of local populations of thrips as vectors of groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV) and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), and to determine the species composition of vectors in tomato crops. Transmission assays were performed. Incidence of tospoviruses was estimated in commercial crops. Random samples of flowers were taken from tomato for identification of thrips. Of the five species of thrips tested, Frankliniella gemina (first record), F. occidentalis and F. schultzei transmitted GRSV and TSWV. F. schultzei was a significantly more efficient vector of GRSV than F. occidentalis under controlled assay conditions. The thrips were identified on flowers from six surveyed tomato crops. F. occidentalis was the most frequently identified species (43.0%), followed by F. schultzei (35.6%) and Thrips tabaci (10.1%). The incidence of tospoviruses was low (1.1-2.8%) in crops planted during August-September and greater (9.5-61.1%) in crops planted in December. GRSV was prevalent (85%) over TSWV (11%).www.blackwell-synergy.com
A key is provided to 27 species of Frankliniella recorded from Argentina and Chile. Two new species are described from Argentina: Frankliniella inesae sp. n. from Baccharis [Asteraceae] and Frankliniella juancarlosi sp. n. from Junellia [Verbenaceae]. Two species are newly recorded from Argentina: Frankliniella condei John and Frankliniella longipennis (Moulton). Pore plates on sternite III of females and a vestigial craspedum on tergite VII are used as diagnostic characters.
Three new species of Dactuliothrips Moulton are described, two from Mendoza, Argentina and one from Southern California, USA: D. prosopis sp.n. from Prosopis alpataco (Fabaceae), D. monttea sp.n. from Monttea aphylla (Scrophulariaceae), and D. ephedra sp.n. from Ephedra sp. (Ephedraceae). A revised diagnosis and an illustrated identification key to the nine recognized species of Dactuliothrips are also provided. Pictures and notes about the host plants for the species from Argentina are included, together with new records for D. kaszabi from Argentina.
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