Occurrence of Different Tospoviruses in Vegetable Crops in Argentina

Abstract

Significant damage on vegetable crops by tospoviruses had occurred sporadically in Argentina in the past but since 1994, severe outbreaks have been recorded every year. The crops that have been most affected, tomato, lettuce, and pepper, were surveyed in the provinces of Mendoza and Buenos Aires in 1994–95 and 1995–96. A few weeds and miscellaneous crops were also collected. A total of 543 samples showing symptoms typical for tospoviruses were analysed by double‐antibody sandwich‐enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay with polyclonal antibodies to groundnut ringspot tospovirus (GRSV), impatiens necrotic spot tospovirus (INSV) and tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV). The 339 samples collected in 1995–96 were also assayed for tomato chlorotic spot tospovirus (TCSV). In addition, the incidence of tospoviruses in tomato crops was assessed in 41 farms representing 310 ha and 10 cultivars. GRSV was identified in 222 samples (40.8%), TSWV in 194 samples (32.7%), TCSV in 50 samples (14.7%), INSV was not detected and 77 samples did not react with the antisera used. TSWV was found to prevail in Buenos Aires and GRSV in Mendoza. Mixed infections were not found in this survey. In tomato crops the mean incidence of tospoviruses was 33%. These results show that the disease formerly assigned to TSWV, is caused by at least three tospoviruses.

Estimation of the effect of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infection on some yield components of tomato

“…Leaf extract from infected N. rustica plants was inoculated mechanically onto leaves of tomato seedlings at the 2-4 leaf stage after homogenization in 0.03 M phosphate buffer (pH: 7.0) including 0.1% Na 2 SO 3 (sodium sulfite). Leaf-tobuffer ratio was 1:5 (1 g infected leaf to 5 ml buffer) (Gracia et al 1999). After rinsing with tap water, plants were maintained in a growth cabinet at 20-23°C with a 16 hL:8 hD photoperiod for 2 weeks.…”

A global invasion by the thrip, Frankliniella occidentalis: Current virus vector status and its management

“…In 1990, TCSV was first characterized as a distinct serotype of TSWV from tomatoes in Brazil (De Avila et al ., , ). Subsequently, TCSV was isolated from sweet peppers, potatoes, endives, celery, lisianthus and various weeds with mosaic, necrosis, chlorotic or stunting symptoms in Argentina and Brazil (Boiteux et al ., ; Gracia et al ., ; Colariccio et al ., ; Dal Bio et al ., ; Eiras et al ., ), and from outbreaks on lettuce and gilo in Brazil (Colariccio et al ., ; Rabelo et al ., ). In the USA, TCSV was first detected from tomatoes in south Florida in 2012 (Londoño et al ., ), and then from lettuce, impatiens and peppers (Webster et al ., ).…”

“…In the Dominican Republic, TSWV transmitted by F. occidentalis was found to be widely distributed in commercial peppers and tomatoes growing under protected greenhouse conditions (Martínez et al ., ). In South America, tomato, pepper, and lettuce crops infected by TSWV were reported from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Venezuela causing a significant threat to the vegetable industry (Maluf et al ., ; Gracia et al ., ; EPPO, ; Lebas & Ochoa‐Corona, ; Rosales et al ., ; Marys et al ., ; Pérez‐Colmenares et al ., ).…”

Groundnut ringspot virus: an Emerging Tospovirus Inducing Disease in Peanut Crops

“…In Argentina, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV) and Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV) have been identified by molecular techniques (Dewey et al., 1996) as pathogens of various crops. Moreover, these viruses have been reported infecting some vegetables and ornamental plants (Dal Bó et al., 1999; Gracia et al., 1999; Williams et al., 2001).…”