Samples of must derived from six different varieties of grapes taken during the fermentation process, as well as the respective wine samples directly after the end of the malolactic fermentation, were analyzed by direct infusion negative ion mode electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Diagnostic ions for must were different from those of wine samples, although small variations for each of the grape varieties were also detected. The addition of unfermented must or sugar to wine could also be clearly detected. The spectra were acquired in a few minutes per sample, indicating that ESI-MS can be used for high-throughput analysis of samples and should prove useful for quality control during and after the fermentation process.
RESUMO
A desfolha no vinhedo tem como principais objetivos aumentar a radiação solar e a aeração na região dos frutos, para melhorar a coloração e a maturação das uvas tintas, além de reduzir a incidência de podridões, visando
ABSTRACT
The practice of partial defoliation in vineyards has as main objectives increase sunlight and ventilation for the fruit, aiming to improve color and maturity in red grapes and helping to reduce fungal diseases, which should result in better wine quality. The main aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of partial defoliation on the quality of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines from Dom
Red grapes from Vitis vinifera Merlot variety were harvested in 2011 from commercial vineyards located in two cities: Dom Pedrito (vineyards 1 and 2), in the Campanha region; and Bento Gonçalves (vineyard 3), in the Serra region. The grapes were harvested at the technological maturity, accordingly to the ºBrix, acidity and pH parameters and vinified with three replications each. Dry active yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae bayanus, Blastocel Grand cru, Perdomini
1,98, 0.61, 3,68; from 1gL -1 :1,72, 0.70 e 3,63; from 2gL -1 :1,41, 0,73 e 3,50. Values found in the skins and lees with the same treatments were, respectively: 24,91 and 69.30, 21,85 and 75.11, 16,20 and 85.38g kg -1 of the Dry Matter. The effect of tartaric acid addition was noted mainly in the lees (69.3, 75.11 and 85.38)
ResumoO objetivo deste trabalho foi acompanhar a evolução da absorção de potássio pelas uvas durante o processo de maturação e verificar sua influência no pH, bem como tentar correlacionar ambas com os teores encontrados nos pecíolos na época da floração. Amostras das uvas foram coletadas durante o processo de maturação de três variedades: Pinot noir, Cabernet Sauvignon e Merlot. Durante os dois anos de estudo, ocorreram variações nos teores de potássio absorvidos pelos frutos durante a maturação, sendo o aumento acompanhado pela elevação do pH; a redução no teor de potássio foi acompanhada pela estabilização dos valores de pH, fato também influenciado pela queda nos teores de acidez titulável. Sugere-se, assim, que os altos valores de pH encontrados nos vinhos elaborados com uvas destes vinhedos, em anos anteriores, estão relacionados com a absorção de potássio e a diminuição da acidez total durante a maturação da uva. A retirada de amostras peciolares na floração e trinta dias após mostrou-se um mecanismo eficiente na avaliação do teor de potássio nos tecidos próximos aos grãos. Dessa forma, a análise peciolar, além de ser utilizada para monitorar os níveis de potássio na planta e avaliar a necessidade de adubações e tratos culturais, pode servir de diagnóstico futuro para os teores de potássio nas uvas e nos vinhos. Palavras-chave: potássio; pH; uvas; fertilização.
AbstractGrapes from three Vitis vinifera varieties (Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot) were analyzed over a two-year period to determine their potassium content, aiming to monitor this mineral content during the ripening process and evaluate its influence on pH values. Grape samples were harvested periodically during the berries' development until their harvest. As expected, the grapes' potassium content showed variations, i.e., high potassium content went hand-in-hand with increased pH values while low potassium content led to stabilized pH; this process was also affected by the decline in total acidity. This finding confirms that high pH values, low titrable acidity and potassium are correlated. In addition, the analysis of petiole samples (collected during inflorescence and 30 days later) proved to be an efficient tool not only for monitoring the potassium content in winegrapes but also for evaluating the need for soil amendments involving this mineral. The potassium content in petioles and in winegrapes was found to be directly correlated; therefore, this method may be useful in future diagnoses of the potassium content in grapes and wines. Keywords: potassium; pH; grapes; soil amendments.Potássio em uvas II -Análise peciolar e sua correlação com o teor de potássio em uvas viníferas
Potassium in grapes II -analysis of petioles and their correlation with the potassium content of wine grapesAline de Oliveira FOGAÇA 1 *, Carlos Eugenio DAUDT 1 , Fabiane DORNELES 1 1 Introdução O teor de ácido num vinho pode ser considerado um importante parâmetro tecnológico em enologia, uma vez que possui uma grande importância nas características físico-...
O experimento foi realizado com a cv. Gewürztraminer proveniente de Santana do Livramento. As videiras desta cultivar foram submetidas a diferentes tratamentos nitrogenados realizados durante o período vegetativo de 1992 a 1993. Após a colheita e esmagamento da uva, o mosto obtido foi dividido em quatro lotes e microvinificado com diferentes leveduras. Durante a fermentação ocorreu uma diminuição na concentração de arginina e um aumento na concentração de uréia, porém da metade para o fim da fermentação as leveduras reabsorveram parte da uréia excretada.
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