Entrepreneurship and tourism are linked as relevant aspects of study due to their influence on the society’s development. In attempt to identify the main theoretical contributions in the 21st century, a bibliometric study was carried out, based on publications of tourism entrepreneurship in the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. As a result, data from 268 documents were obtained and processed in VosViewer. The main findings place Haber, Altinay, and Hallak as the most cited authors; when analyzing co-authorship, co-citation, and bibliographic coupling by authors, the distribution changes in relation to the contribution. England, Australia, and United States are the main countries that originate publications on the subject and have an impact on their dissemination; and Tourism Management is the Journal with the highest number of citations. The topics were grouped into three clusters: (1) Sustainable Rural Tourism, (2) Small business and lifestyle, and (3) Social entrepreneurship, with a predominantly human and social focus over the economic vision. This study can be the basis for further studies about adjacent, related, or emerging topics to entrepreneurship in tourism, as well as to generate practical proposals for new or potential entrepreneurs.
Corporate governance is a topic that in recent years has been related to fraud and economic crises, which could be reasons for pessimism; however, this study views it as an opportunity to improve the organizational environment. Therefore, this exploratory study is conducted with the purpose of identifying the context in which corporate governance occurs and potential international trends. The review of the literature indicates that corporate governance codes based on the model of insider information are gradually being replaced by American and British models, which are characterized by democracy, transparency, and accountability. Similarly, there is emphasis on the importance of bringing organizations and interest groups closer together and building consensus to develop activities that are in the common interest and that provide benefits to all. Finally, further studies are recommended to improve national and international standards concerning corporate governance with the aim of balancing the interests of organizations and their stakeholders.
La cultura organizacional como base para la permanencia en las organizaciones.Organizational culture as a basis for the permanence of organizations. Autores Abstract.The studies of organizational culture are increasingly relevant in the current panorama, due to its importance as an intangible asset of the organization, therefore this work aims to identify the elements that make up the organizational culture through a literature review that contributes to the good performance and permanence of organizations over the time. The main findings affirm that labor wellbeing, mission, vision, values, objectives, leadership, participation, among others elements influence the permanence of companies. Therefore, it is recommended that organizations give paramount importance to the aspects that make up the culture, contributing to companies subsisting over time, in addition to continuing to review literature of this type as an important basis for future research.
El objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar la influencia del aprendizaje organizacional (AO) en el desempeño organizacional (DO) de pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector comercial en Ciudad Obregón, Sonora; México. Mediante una investigación cuantitativa con un diseño no experimental transeccional, se aplicó un cuestionario con un total de 43 ítems a 136 empresas. Los resultados muestran que existe una influencia positiva y significativa del AO en el DO de PyMES comerciales. Se concluye que al interior de las organizaciones estudiadas se presenta un proceso de adquisición, distribución e intercambio de conocimiento mediante el aprendizaje e incluso este suele pasar a formar parte de la misma como memoria organizacional.
In order to survive, family businesses must put in place strategies to achieve some continuity; therefore, the designation and legitimation of leadership, as well as the desirable attributes for the successor, emerge as the main strategies to develop. The objective of the present study is to analyze the types of leadership and the chosen desirable attributes for the succession process / successor. In order to achieve it, 144 questionnaires to executives and employees from tourist organizations of service, trade and industry were collected in the northwestern region of Mexico. It was based on a Likert scale type (1 to 5), including sections about leadership (constituted by five dimensions) and the desirable attributes of the successor (constituted by two dimensions). The main findings emphasize the leadership, within the family enterprise before, during and after the succession process, present a constant of importance in the presence of the different types: expert, referential and laissez faire/mission and the administrative attributes during the first four generations. On the other hand, the participatory leadership decreases and the autocratic increases. To enrich the subject of study, it is recommended to include different aspects related to the Latin American context and the generation of inferences with new elements, such as motivational profiles, labor stressors, interactions of Latino families, among others. All of this in order to try to map the family business.
Sustainability is a topic that has experienced a growing interest in recent years within the academic world, and at the same time, it manifests itself as a particular inconsistency of the business sector, who use it as a means to improve their image, setting aside its vision of great significance. In order to achieve the fundamental purpose of sustainability, the corporate governance model has been an evolving subject in recent years. This is due to the fact that even though the mechanism still endures, it has little to do with the balance of social and environmental benefits. In Mexico, cattle ranchers have faced several problems, such as the difficulty of marketing with intermediaries. In response, this quantitative study has been carried out in order to identify a possible relationship between sustainability and corporate governance, through the testing of six hypotheses. The findings show a positive correlation between corporate governance mechanisms (formal and efficiency) and sustainability dimensions (economic, social, and environmental). This provides further evidence of the complexity of sustainability and corporate governance issues.
Resumen Las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (Pymes) familiares son parte importante de la economía en varios países del mundo, como una de las principales impulsoras de empleos. La forma en que operan, la manera en que se conforman, así como la organización de los miembros de la familia que se encuentran en ella, puede ser determinante. Esta investigación, da cuenta sobre un estudio de caso de una empresa restaurantera mexicana, enfocada a su estructura familiar como un factor importante que puede relacionarse con la dirección de la empresa para su trascendencia. Para lograr lo anterior, se realizaron entrevistas a miembros de la familia que forman parte de esta, así como a empleados no familiares. Con base al análisis de tres dimensiones: la propiedad, la sucesión y la estructura; los resultados evidenciaron una tendencia de que la propiedad de este tipo de empresas puede ser de cualquier miembro de la familia, siempre y cuando esté trabajando en ella e involucrado constantemente. Además, la forma de relacionarse suele ser efectiva, pues al estar formada por miembros de una misma familia, existe la suficiente confianza para crear un ambiente familiar más que laboral, lo que hace que la repartición de las ganancias sea equitativa
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