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Anterior open bite (AOB) is characterized by the lack of overlap or contact between maxillary and mandibular incisors, while the posterior teeth are in occlusion. Correction of this malocclusion is challenging due to difficulties in determining and addressing the etiologic factors, and the high relapse rate. A multidisciplinary approach may be necessary, with participation of Orthodontics, Surgery and Speech Therapy, to achieve adequate esthetic and functional results for long term stability. The present paper discusses the treatment options for AOB, their advantages and implications.

The purpose of this article is to present an alternative approach to the orthodontic treatment of Angle Class II malocclusion. According to a literature review it was observed that the extraction of upper second molars has proven to be a viable alternative for the treatment of this type of malocclusion. This therapeutic option enables faster first molar retraction and requires less patient compliance. However, the level of development, intraosseous position and morphology of the third molar should be carefully evaluated to ensure its correct positioning in place of the extracted second molar. Two clinical case reports will demonstrate that the sequence of diagnosis and treatment used with this mechanics yields satisfactory functional and aesthetic results. Abstract

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/ Introduction: he absence of a tooth may cause functional, esthetic and emotional problems to a patient. For more than three decades, osseointegrated implants have been used as an alternative method to replace missing teeth, as they have shown good long-term results. Single tooth implants are placed in many young patients, but slight changes in position of the gingival margin may compromise the esthetic outcomes of such rehabilitations. Implants retard vertical dentoalveolar development, for this reason, they are compared to ankylosed teeth by many authors, as they do not erupt together with adjacent teeth. In the case of patients that could still grow up, that means the implant-supported prostheses may result in infra-occlusion. Objective: Since a variety of authors report post-adolescent growth, this literature review aimed to indicate the most adequate moment for osseointegrated implant placement, taking into account residual craniofacial growth.

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The present study reports the treatment carried out in a patient with mandibular second premolar agenesis associated with early loss of a deciduous second molar, deep overbite, severe overjet and dentoalveolar bimaxillary protrusion, which led to lip incompetence and a convex facial profile. The main objectives of this treatment were: to eliminate the spaces in mandibular arch, correct overbite, as well as eliminate bimaxillary protrusion and lip incompetence, thus leading to a balanced profile. The case was presented to the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (BBO) as part of the requirements to obtain the title of BBO diplomate.