Captive brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) were manually restrained to assess tear production by the Schirmer tear test I to measure intraocular pressure by applanation tonometry, to examine ocular conjunctival epithelial cells via cytologic and histologic samples, and to survey ocular conjunctival microflora by microbiologic culture. The mean value for the Schirmer tear test I was 8.9 +/- 1.8 mm/min, and the mean intraocular pressure was 15.3 +/- 3.1 mm Hg. Conjunctival epithelium contained stratified pavimentous layers of cells, and the microflora consisted of predominantly gram-positive bacteria.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of including purified glycerin in the diets of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age. Eighty Cobb 500® lineage broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design (CRD) to one of four treatment groups (0, 2, 4 and 6% of purified glycerin inclusion in feed) and five replicates of four birds. The birds were evaluated for performance (weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion); carcass yield; special cuts yield (thigh, drumstick and breast); muscle colour (L* = lightness, a* = redness, b* = yellowness); and crude protein, ether extract and moisture content of the breast muscle. Inclusion of purified glycerin in the diet did not affect (p > 0.05) any of the growth performance indicators, which demonstrated the technical feasibility of including up to 6% glycerin in the diet. Similarly, there was no effect on carcass yield; special-cut yields; muscle colour (L* = lightness, a* = redness, b* = yellowness); or crude protein, ether extract and moisture content of breast muscle. The inclusion of purified glycerin at up to 6% in the diet proved to be feasible in broilers treated from 22 to 42 days of age.

No abstract

The objective of this work was to identify, by means of different statistical criteria the ideal nonlinear regression model to describe the growth curve of three lineages of caipira broiler for meat production. A total of 90 birds were used, being 30 birds from each of the following lineages: Pescoço Pelado, Carijó and Pesadão Vermelho. The individual body weight of broilers (1, 7, 14, 21,28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77, 84 and 91 days of age) was collected weekly for determination of growth curves by means of Models von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, Logistic, Richards and Brody. The parameters of Brody model did not converge to the weight of strains. The model that better adjusted to the data was Logistic.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sorghums grown with different organic fertilizers on the chemical composition, energy values, and nutrient metabolizability coefficients, as well as their use for feeding slow-growing broilers. Two trials were performed. In the first experiment, 200 21-dayold broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design (CRD), with five treatments and four replicates of 10 birds per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a control diet and four test diets (sorghum fertilized with crotalaria, sorghum fertilized with millet, sorghum fertilized with humus, and sorghum without fertilization), including sorghum at 30% in the control diet. The apparent metabolizable energy (AME), apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AME n ), metabolizability coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy were evaluated. In trial 2, 200 1-day-old chicks were used in a CRD with five treatments (T1 -control diet with commercial corn, T2 -sorghum fertilized with crotalaria, T3 -sorghum fertilized with millet, T4 -sorghum fertilized with humus, and T5 -sorghum without fertilization) and four replicates of 10 birds per experimental unit. Weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, and final weight at 28 days were evaluated. The values of AME and AME n of sorghums fertilized with crotalaria, millet, humus, and sorghum without fertilization were 2894 Kcal kg -1 and 2881 Kcal kg -1 ; 2736 Kcal kg -1 and 2675 Kcal kg -1 ; 2727 Kcal kg -1 and 2694 Kcal kg -1 ; and 2994 Kcal kg -1 and 2959 Kcal kg -1 , respectively. The metabolizable coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy were 76.04%, 42.01%, and 75.25% for sorghum fertilized with crotalaria; 77.50%, 50.77%, and 75.95% for sorghum fertilized with millet; 77.62%, 46.39%, and 75.54% for sorghum fertilized with humus; and 75.83%, 39.53%, and 74.71% for sorghum cultivated without fertilization, respectively. The dietary use of sorghum cultivated with different fertilizers did not affect (P>0.05) weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, and final weight. Green manures with crotalaria, millet, and humus (bovine manure) are alternatives that can be used on sorghum crops because they resulted in grains with adequate nutritional composition, energy values, and metabolizable coefficients for slowgrowing broilers from 1 to 28 days of age. Key words: Alternative poultry farming. Productive performance. Metabolizable energy. ResumoObjetivou-se no presente trabalho avaliar o sorgo cultivado com diferentes adubos orgânicos sobre a composição química, valores energéticos, coeficientes de metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes e sua utilização na alimentação de frangos de crescimento lento. Foram realizados dois experimentos, no primeiro foram utilizadas 200 aves de 21 dias de idade, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições de 10 aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma dieta referência e quatro dietas testes...

Aqui nós avaliamos a viabilidade da inclusão de glicerina purificada em dietas balanceadas para frangos de corte de 8 a 42 dias de idade. Para tanto, foram utilizados 160 fios de 8 dias de idade da linhagem Cobb 500®, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (CRD) com quatro tratamentos (0, 2, 4 e 6% de inclusão de glicerina purificada) e quatro repetições. de dez pássaros. Foram avaliados o consumo de ração, ganho de peso, rotação alimentar, peso final, biometria de coração, fígado, moela e intestino delgado, rendimento de carcaça, cortes especiais, coxa e sobrecoxa. de proteína e gordura. no músculo do peito.Os níveis de inclusão de glicerina purificaram nas dietas influenciaram (p <0,05) o ganho de peso, um peso alimentar eo peso de corte aos 42 dias, sem efeito (p> 0,05) sem consumo de ração (FI ). The same form, not much effect (p> 0. 05) nos income de carcaça e cortes especiais. Os níveis de inclusão de glicerina não são influenciados (p> 0,05) o peso relativo da moela, nem o peso e a duração do intestino delgado. No entanto, os níveis de inclusão de glicerina aumentaram os pesos do coração e do fígado (p <0,05).Os níveis de inclusão de glicerina purificada nas dietas não afetaram (p> 0,05) os valores de leveza (L *), vermelhidão (a *), amarelecimento (b *), pH ou proteína, mas aumentaram (p <0,05) a deposição de gordura no músculo do peito. Com base em nossos achados, propomos que a inclusão de 6% de glicerina purificada em dietas é tecnicamente viável para frangos de corte de 8 a 42 dias de idade. os níveis de inclusão de glicerina purificada afetaram os pesos relativos do coração e do fígado (p <0,05). Os níveis de inclusão de glicerina purificada nas dietas não afetaram (p> 0,05) os valores de leveza (L *), vermelhidão (a *), amarelecimento (b *), pH ou proteína, mas aumentaram (p <0,05) a deposição de gordura no músculo do peito. Com base em nossos achados, propomos que a inclusão de 6% de glicerina purificada em dietas é tecnicamente viável para frangos de corte de 8 a 42 dias de idade. os níveis de inclusão de glicerina foram relacionados com o peso do coração e do fígado (p <0,05). Os níveis de inclusão de glicerina purificados nas dietas não afetaram (p> 0,05) os valores de leveza (L *), vermelhidão (a *), amarelecimento (b *), pH ou proteína, mas aumentaram (p <0, 05) a deposição de gordura no peito. Com base em nossos achados, propomos que a inclusão de 6% de glicerina purificada em dietas é tecnicamente viável para frangos de corte de 8 a 42 dias de idade.

This paper aimed to evaluate the metabolizability, performance and economic viability of purified glycerin inclusion in balanced diets fed to chicken broilers from 8 to 21 days old. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, 100 broilers (14 days old) were distributed in a completely randomized design into two treatments, with five replications of 10 broilers. Treatments consisted of a control diet and a test diet, in which purified glycerin replaced 10% of the control diet. In the second experiment, 200 broilers (8 days old) were distributed in a completely randomized design into four treatments (0, 2, 4 and 6% of purified glycerin inclusion), with five replications of 10 broilers. The weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, final weight, apparent metabolizable energy (AME), nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn), metabolizability coefficients of dry matter (DMMC), crude protein (CPMC) and gross energy (GEMC), and the cost of feed per kg of broiler produced were evaluated. The AME, AMEn, DMMC, CPMC and GEMC from the purified glycerin were 3790 and 3560 kcal/kg, and 83.72, 71.52 and 86.27%, respectively. The glycerin levels did not affect (p>0.05) any of the performance characteristics (weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and final weight). The lowest feeding cost and the highest gross margin were obtained for broilers fed with 6% purified glycerin. The inclusion of 6% purified glycerin in balanced diets for broilers from 8 to 21 days old was technically and economically feasible.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, energy values and nutrient metabolizability coefficients of corn grown using different organic fertilizers and its use for feeding slow-growing broilers. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, two hundred 21-day-old broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and four replicates of 10 birds per experimental unit. The treatments were a control diet and four test diets (corn fertilized with crotalaria, corn fertilized with millet, corn fertilized with humus, and corn without fertilization), including corn at 30% in the control diet. The apparent metabolizable energy, apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance, and apparent metabolizability coefficients of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy were determined. In the performance trial, two hundred and fifty 1-day-old chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design into five treatments (T1 – control diet with commercial corn, T2 – corn without fertilization, T3 – corn fertilized with humus, T4 – corn fertilized with millet and T5 – corn fertilized with crotalaria) and five replicates of 10 birds per experimental unit. Weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and final weight at 20 days were evaluated. The AME and AMEn values of corn fertilized with crotalaria, millet, humus and corn without fertilization were 3246 and 3239 kcal kg?1; 2965 and 2954 kcal kg?1; 2909 and 2877 kcal kg?1; and 3265 and 3201 kcal kg?1, respectively. The apparent metabolizable coefficients of DM, CP and GE were: 89.75%, 66.88% and 88.5% for corn fertilized with crotalaria; 84.38%, 58.73% and 81.4% for corn fertilized with millet; 80.38%, 53.45% and 78.95% for corn fertilized with humus; and 89.48%, 68.95% and 87.85% for corn without fertilization, respectively. Feeding broilers with corn cultivated with different fertilizers affected (P < 0.05) weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and final weight. The treatments using corn fertilized with crotalaria, millet, humus and commercial corn did not differ, with better results in relation to corn crop cultivated without fertilization. The use of crotalaria and millet as a green manure, and humus derived from dairy manure are alternatives that can be used on corn crop as they resulted in grains with adequate nutritional composition, energy values and metabolizable coefficients for slow-growing broilers from 1 to 20 days of age.