Ophthalmic Patterns of Captive Brown Brocket Deer (Mazama Gouazoubira)

Abstract

Captive brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) were manually restrained to assess tear production by the Schirmer tear test I to measure intraocular pressure by applanation tonometry, to examine ocular conjunctival epithelial cells via cytologic and histologic samples, and to survey ocular conjunctival microflora by microbiologic culture. The mean value for the Schirmer tear test I was 8.9 +/- 1.8 mm/min, and the mean intraocular pressure was 15.3 +/- 3.1 mm Hg. Conjunctival epithelium contained stratified pavimentous layers of cells, and the microflora consisted of predominantly gram-positive bacteria.

Conjunctival flora, Schirmer's tear test, intraocular pressure, and conjunctival cytology in neotropical primates from Salvador, Brazil

“…Studies in humans, dogs, birds of prey, Canadian beavers, brocket deer, coates and crab‐eating raccoon, cats, horses, sheep, and capybaras showed similar results regarding the predominance of Gram‐positive bacteria .…”

“…This was due to the high prevalence of Staphylococcus in the samples, which can be attributed to the presence of such bacteria in the normal flora of the skin and mucous membranes [27]. Studies in humans, dogs, birds of prey, Canadian beavers, brocket deer, coates and crab-eating raccoon, cats, horses, sheep, and capybaras showed similar results regarding the predominance of Gram-positive bacteria [2,9,21,24,26].…”

“…Cytological evaluation showed a single‐cell pattern composed of intermediate squamous cells and superficial keratinized epithelial cells. In deer ( Mazama gouazoubira ), some authors found a large number of goblet and intermediate cells , and others observed in horses a majority of polyhedral and cylindrical cells and a few squamous cells . In our study, melanin granules were observed in the cytoplasm, and this finding is in agreement with what was found in normal conjunctival cytology in other species such as deer, horses, cattle, and sheep .…”

“…In deer (Mazama gouazoubira), some authors found a large number of goblet and intermediate cells [24], and others observed in horses a majority of polyhedral and cylindrical cells and a few squamous cells [1]. In our study, melanin granules were observed in the cytoplasm, and this finding is in agreement with what was found in normal conjunctival cytology in other species such as deer, horses, cattle, and sheep [22,24]. However, it is worth mentioning that we did not observe pigmentation macroscopically.…”

Intraocular pressure and tear secretion in Saanen goats with different ages

“…In veterinary medicine, intraocular pressure is assessed accurately by means of applanation tonometry (Gelatt & MacKay 1998, Kroll et al 2001, Broadwater et al 2007, Martins et al 2007, Ribeiro et al 2008b.…”