Primary and secondary neoplasia of dogs and

This study aimed to compare the normal intraocular pressure (IOP) and tear secretion, by means of applanation tonometry and the Schirmer tear test-1 (STT-1), in goats of the Saanen breed with different ages, and at different time points. Thirty six goats, free of ocular abnormalities, were grouped into three different age categories (n=12), animals with 45, 180 and 549 days of age. STT-1 and IOP measurements were carried out always at 9:00am and 7:00pm, during three consecutive days. Results were evaluated statistically (P<0.05). Regarding the time of the day, overall IOP values were significantly lower at 7:00 pm (P<0.001) in individuals with 45 days of age; whereas STT-1 values were significantly higher at 7:00pm (P=0.004) in goats with 549 days of age. Considering the sum of three days, both parameters were significantly lower in individuals with 45 days of age (P<0.001). Intraocular pressure and tear secretion values increase until 180 days of age in the Saanen breed of goats.INDEX TERMS: Ophthalmic semiotechnique, intraocular pressure, Schirmer tear test-1, goats.

Any of the studied substances did not accelerate corneal re-epithelization and did not add protection to the corneal microvilli. Significant higher levels of active form of MMP-2 in 3% chondroitin sulfate-treated group may indicate that the agent acts as substrate for such enzyme. At the end of the experiment, 1% EDTA was the most efficient agent to inhibit significantly the latent form of MMP-9. However, any of the substances add benefit over saline on reducing the proteolytic activity in the cornea of rats after alkali injury.

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RESUMENEn esta revisión se presentan los principales requerimientos para medir de manera multimodal, indicadores del bienestar en animales de producción, desde los parámetros productivos hasta los fisiológicos, categorizados como indicadores no invasivos e indicadores invasivos. Se pretende generar una compilación de ideas para que el investigador de acuerdo con las limitaciones, condiciones y alcances de sus recursos evalúe bienestar animal con fines académicos, de investigación y de optimización de la producción y del mercadeo de los productos finales en un sistema de producción pecuario.Palabras clave: bienestar animal; indicadores de bienestar; multimodal ABSTRACT This review presents the main requirements for measuring multimodal welfare indicators in production animals, from production parameters to physiological parameters, categorized as noninvasive indicators and invasive indicators. It is intended to generate a collection of ideas so that the researcher, in accordance with the limitations, conditions and scope of its resources, evaluate animal welfare for academic purposes, research and optimization of the production and marketing of the final products in a livestock production system.

ResumenLas membranas biológicas se emplean como implantes en cirugía veterinaria reconstructiva con el objetivo de restablecer la función y la estructura de tejidos dañados. Diversos tejidos obtenidos de animales, conservados por diferentes técnicas e implantados en receptores de la misma o de diferente especie, permiten reparar heridas en las que es evidente la extensa pérdida tisular o la imposibilidad de inducir cicatrización por primera intención. Aunque las bondades de las membranas biológicas son mayores que sus desventajas, su uso en la rutina clínica y quirúrgica no es frecuente, en gran parte por el desconocimiento de sus características, manipulación e implantación. La presente revisión pretende recopilar los aspectos generales que envuelven las membranas biológicas, desde su obtención hasta las posibles complicaciones de su uso, a través de estudios experimentales y reportes de caso relatados con anterioridad, e incentivar su uso como biomaterial de implante en defectos anatómicos, heridas traumáticas, postoperatorios oncológicos y traumas en general.Palabras clave: animales, cirugía, membranas biológicas, reconstrucción, reparación. Biological membrane implants in veterinary reconstructive surgery: Basic aspects and conservation methods AbstractBiological membranes are used as implants in veterinary reconstructive surgery in order to restore the function and structure of damaged tissues. Various tissues from animals, kept by different techniques and implanted in recipients of the same or different species, help repair wounds where extensive tissue loss or the inability to scarring is evidenced. Although the benefits of biological membranes outweigh their disadvantages, their use in clinical and surgical routines is rare, largely due to ignorance of their characteristics, handling and implantation. The present article aims to review general aspects on biological membranes, from procurement to possible complications of their use, through experimental studies and previously reported cases, and to encourage their use as a biomaterial implant in case of anatomical defects, traumatic wounds, oncological postoperative care, and traumas in general.

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in intraocular pressure (IOP), pupil size (PS), blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and ECG variables (Pms wave PmV, PR interval, QRS complex, RMV wave and QT intervals) over time during the instillation of 0.5% timolol, 0.5% levobunolol and 0.5% apraclonidine in clinically normal dogs. Ten adult beagles were used. Baseline values were measured at 8a.m., 2p.m. and 8p.m., for three consecutive days. A waiting period of 10 days between the administrations of each drug was established. For 15 consecutive days, the drug being tested was instilled in one eye of each dog twice a day (7a.m. and 7p.m.). The parameters were evaluated at the aforementioned times on days 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15. Data were statistically compared using the Bonferroni test and one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (P<0.05). The Pearson test was used to evaluate any correlation between QT interval, HR and BP. The tested drugs did not find a decrease in IOP. A significant decreased in PS was observed in almost all dogs following levobunolol administration, relative to the control eye. A significant decrease in HR was observed on day 3 following levobunolol treatment, while apraclonidine induced an increase on day 15. Blood pressure was reduced in all measurement time points following apraclonidine treatment. A negative correlation between QT interval and HR was only observed in dogs treated with timolol. In conclusion, levobunolol was the only drug that induced significant alterations in PS. Apraclonidine was the only drug that induced systemic hypotension. Timolol was the only drug to that induced a negative correlation between QT and HR.Keywords: dog, timolol maleate, levobunolol, apraclonidine, intraocular pressure, pupil size, heart rate, blood pressure Palavras-chave: cão, maleato de timolol, levobunolol, apraclonidina, pressão intraocular, diâmetro pupilar, frequência cardíaca, pressão sanguínea RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as mudanças na pressão intraocular (PIO), no diâmetro pupilar (DP), na pressão sanguínea (PS), na frequência cardíaca (FC) e nas variáveis eletrocardiográficas (onda Pms, PmV, intervalo PR, complexo QRS, onda RmV e intervalo QT), ao longo do tempo da instilação do

To determine the association between ocular abnormalities and hematologic findings in Ehrlichia canis-infected dogs, 120 dogs suspected of canine ehrlichiosis were studied. All patients were subjected to rapid serologic diagnostic test for Ehrlichia canis, and the diagnosis was confirmed by quantitative PCR. PCR-positive patients underwent ophthalmologic examination and a hemogram and were grouped into patients with thrombocytopenia and anemia (G1), patients with thrombocytopenia (G2), and patients without hematologic disorders (G3). For ophthalmic evaluation, the patients were grouped into those having mild, severe, both mild and severe, and no ocular alterations. All patients presented with uveitis (100%). Severe ocular disorders predominated in G1 and G2 patients. Dogs with anemia and leukopenia showed severe ocular disorders. In dogs with a greater number of leukocytes and copies/µl of the TRAG gene, the intraocular pressure (IOP) tends to decrease and vice versa (r = −0.23, r = −0.26). In conclusion, uveitis is the earliest ocular alteration of canine ehrlichiosis. The severity of ocular abnormalities in patients with ehrlichiosis is associated with thrombocytopenia and may be aggravated by anemia and leukopenia. The hemogram and IOP are useful tools for predicting eye involvement in Ehrlichia canis-infected patients. In regions where Ehrlichia canis is endemic, the use of the tonometer should be routinely in dog general consultation.