An on-farm experiment was conducted in several villages in the district of Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara Province (NTT), Indonesia from June to October 2007. The experiment investigated the efficacy of a supplementation strategy to improve calf survival and performance during the dry season. A total of 258 Bali (Banteng, Bos javanicus) cow–calf pairs were used in the experiment. Calves from the 190 cow–calf pairs in the treatment groups were allocated grass hay + concentrate supplementation as follows: 1% (n = 98), 2% (n = 56) and 3% (n = 42) of calf bodyweight. There were 62 cow–calf pairs in the unsupplemented control group. The supplement consisted of grass hay and concentrate (rice bran, cornmeal, leucaena leaf and fish meal) containing 18% crude protein. The supplement was introduced to calves in the morning while confined to calf pens when the dams were grazing. Calves were reunited with the cows during the night. Parameters measured were calf mortality, calf and cow daily gain, and milk production. Supplementation tended to reduce calf mortality (P = 0.094) from 6.4% in control to 0% in calves receiving 2% and 3% supplement. Levels of supplementation significantly (P < 0.001) improved calf daily weight gain. Bodyweight changes and milk production of cows were unaffected by calf supplementation. It can be concluded that supplementation at 2% calf bodyweight reduces calf mortality and improves calf weight gain.
Mata pencaharian masyarakat Desa Tuatuka secara umum adalah petani yang mengelola lahan pertanian yang bersifat musiman, dengan menanam tanaman palawija dan tanaman hortikultura. Selain itu dilakukan usaha peternakan sapi dan babi dengan sistem pemeliharaan
Some factors that contribute to variation in the responses of Bali cattle calves to dry season supplementation before weaning were examined on-farm in 10 villages located in three districts in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia from June to December 2008. The altitudes of the three districts were 0–100, 400 and 800 m above sea level. A total of 199 Bali (Banteng, Bos sondaicus) calves were offered a concentrate supplement from 1 month after birth (or June for calves born before May) at a level of 2% liveweight. The supplement consisted of grass hay and concentrate (rice bran, corn meal, leucaena leaf and fish meal) containing 18.6% crude protein. The supplement was offered to calves in the morning while confined to calf pens when the dams were released for grazing. Calves were reunited with the cows during the night. The effects of districts, herd size and month of birth on mortality rate, liveweight gain (LWG) and growth in supplemented calves were examined. Mortality rate averaged 1.0% and was not affected by month of birth, herd size or districts. The month of calving varied from March to September, but was mostly concentrated during June and July (55%). Month of birth did not significantly affect (P > 0.05) LWG of the calves, but the heart girth of calves born early (May) did increase at a slower rate (P < 0.05) than calves born late (August) (10 mm/day versus 27 mm/day). LWG of supplemented calves was faster (P < 0.05) in herds of 10 or less cow-calf pairs (220 g/day) than in herds of more than 10 cow-calf pairs (160 g/day). Altitude affected LWG (P < 0.05) of supplemented calves; gains were 170, 210 and 280 g/day for the three districts with altitudes of 1–100, 400 and 800 m, respectively. Implications of the factors affecting response to supplementation are discussed.
Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini diselenggarakan di Desa Oefafi Kabupaten Kupang dengan melibatkan kelompok peternak dengan tujuan utama meningkatkan keterampilan peternak dalam menerapkan teknologi suplementasi pada pedet dan induk sapi menggunakan pakan suplemen berbahan baku lokal yang telah diolah sebelumnya. Dengan demikian kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi kesejahteraan peternak melalui peningkatan produktivitas ternak karena menurunnya angka kematian pedet serta peningkatan laju pertumbuhan pedet. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini diselenggarakan selama 8 bulan di Desa Oefafi Kecamatan Kupang Timur Kabupaten Kupang dengan melibatkan 12 peternak dengan 230 ekor ternak sapi masing-masing 115 ekor pedet dan 115 ekor induk sapi. Tahapan-tahapan kegiatan yang dilaksanakan meliputi sosialisasi dan pembentukan kelompok, penyiapan dan pembuatan gudang penyimpanan pakan dan kandang pedet dan induk, pengadaan dan pengolahan bahan baku pakan suplemen, pelatihan dan pendampingan, pemberian pakan suplemen kepada ternak serta monitoring dan evaluasi. Melalui kegiatan ini telah mampu meningkatkan keterampilan peternak dalam menyiapkan dan meramu pakan suplemen dari bahan-bahan lokal serta memberikannya kepada pedet. Kegiatan ini telah memberikan bukti nyata kepada peternak tentang teknik perkandangan dan pemeliharaan sapi secara lebih intensif sehingga dapat menjadi acuan bagi peternak untuk memperbaiki sistem pemeliharaan ekstensif dengan penyediaan kandang dan pemberian pakan suplemen pada induk dan pedet sapi Bali. Seluruh peternak yakin dan percaya bahwa suplementasi pada pedet mampu meningkatkan produktivitas ternak sapi karena akan menurunkan angka kematian dan meningkatkan laju pertumbuhan pedet. Sebanyak 83% di antaranya yakin
Twelve Bos indicus bulls were allocated to one of two treatment groups: rumen transfaunation (n = 6) given 10 kg of rumen fluid after transport or Control (n = 6), given 10 kg of deionised water after transport. Glycogen concentrations of the M. semimembranosus, M. semitendinosis and M. longisimus dorsi were measured before transport on Day –7 and after transport on Day 0, Day 1, Day 4 and Day 9. Feed intake, liveweight gain, plasma metabolites and electrolytes were recorded on the sampling days. Rumen transfaunation increased the dry matter intake of treated bulls compared with the bulls treated with deionised water. Rumen transfaunation had no effect on glycogen concentrations of the M. semimembranosus, M. semitendinosis and M. longisimus dorsi compared with the bulls treated with deionised water. The M. semimembranosus and the M. semitendinosis decreased in glycogen concentration immediately after transport on Day 0 but repleted to pre-transportation concentrations within 1 day. However, the M. longisimus dorsi demonstrated no change in glycogen concentration between the pre-transportation sample on Day –7 and Day 0 or Day 1 after transportation. The M. longisimus dorsi of the bulls increased in glycogen concentration between Day 1 and Day 4 after transportation. The bulls in this experiment demonstrated that muscle glycogen, as measured at the M. longissimus dorsi, cannot recover to sufficient concentrations (40–45 µmol of glycogen concentration per gram muscle) to ensure normal meat quality until between 1 and 4 days of rest when feeding Rhodes grass hay ad libitum.
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