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The study was conducted on 197 milk dairy cattle randomly selected from 950 breeding dairy cattle. These animals were monitored immediately after delivery and blood count and serum BHBA analyzes were performed weekly for the first 8 weeks. According to the results of the BHBA obtained, all animals in the study were divided into three groups as follows; a) Control Group "C"; serum BHBA levels below 1.2 mmol/l during the study b) Subclinical Ketosis Group "SK"; serum BHBA levels between 1.2 and 2.9 mmol/l c) Clinical Ketosis Group "CK"; serum BHBA levels were above 2.9 mmol/l. All performance parameters such as milk yield and reproductive efficacy obtained from the herd management program (Dairy Plan, Gea / Germany). TLS, LS, NS, MS levels were found to be higher in the SK and CK compared to the C. Especially, a strong positive interaction between TLS and blood BHBA level was determined (P <0,000). In addition, the incidence of mastitis, metritis and coexistence of these two infections was significantly higher in the SK and CK than in the C (p <0,013). Furthermore, the rate of culling was significantly higher in the SK and CK than C and it was also observed that this ratio increased in parallel with the severity of the ketosis (p <0.008). These findings show that hematologic parameters change significantly in animals that have undergone clinical or subclinical ketosis and that susceptibility to significant infectious diseases during the periparturient period such as mastitis and metritis increases and as a result, the rate of culling increases.

Increase in production of free radicals causes damage in lipids of cell membrane, weakening in functions of cell proteins and DNA damage. The aim of the present study was to determine the oxidative status, level of oxidative DNA damage and treatment effectiveness on these parameters on diarrheic calves. The study was conducted using 10 clinically holstein calves from 2-3 months of age. Antidiarrheic treatment containing Amonium sulphate (30mg/kg/day, Gabbrocol, Ceva Inc.), a mixture of Bismuth subcarbonate, kaolin, pectin (10g/day, Bismol, Bioteknik Inc.), vitamin and mineral mixture (105g/day, Sky High Energy, Egevet Co.Ltd) as drugs orally administered to all calves for 3 days. Body temperature, feces and blood samples were taken before and after treatment. Dry matter measured (%) in feces, DNA damage level and some hematologic parameters, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and some biochemical parameters were measured from blood samples. HB, ALT, TP levels did not differ before and after treatment. However, body temperature (p<0.01), WBC (p<0.01), HCT (p<0.05), GGT (p<0.01), TOS (p<0.05), DNA damage (p<0.05) were decreased, dry matter in feces (p<0.01), RBC (p<0.05), AST (p<0.01), Albumin (p<0.01) and TAS (p<0.05) were increased after treatment. The results of the study indicate that oxidative DNA damage increases with degenerative diseases such as diarrhea and decreases to the normal range after effective treatment. It can be suggested from these results that oxidative DNA damage might be a good indicator to reveal the degeneration level of diarrhea in animals and a good parameter to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment in terms of cellular form.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary chromium methionine (Cr-Met) supplementation on the production and immunological parameters of dairy cows during the dry and postpartum period and their offspring. Forty-five Holstein transition cows were randomly assigned to experimental groups with control, positive control (levamisole-injected cows), and treatment groups (5 g dietary Cr-Met/day/cow). Production, immunological, and biochemical parameters were analyzed during the dry and postpartum period. Result revealed that in dry cows, monocyte count and serum glucose level significantly (p < 0.05) decrease in Cr-supplemented cows over control. Similarly, after parturition, the numbers of all immune cells (except monocytes) decreased significantly (p < 0.05); however, serum IgG, ALT, AST, glucose levels, and total leucocyte, neutrophil, and leucocyte count were increased significantly (p < 0.05) in Cr-supplemented cows over the control group. Days in milk (DIM) of treatment cows were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased over the control group; however, no significant (p > 0.05) differences were observed on milk production, colostrum, and IgG concentrations. As a conclusion, the supplementation of Cr had positive effects on immune cells of cows after parturition; however, serum biochemical parameters remained unaffected. Also, there were significant differences on the number of total leucocyte and neutrophil, on the activity of ALT at birthday, and on the number of total leucocyte at postpartum for calves.

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