Süt İneklerinde Görülen Subklinik ve Kinik Ketozisin Bazı Hematolojik Parametreler, Mastitis, Metritis İnsidensleri ile Sürü Dışı Kalma Oranına Etkileri

Abstract

The study was conducted on 197 milk dairy cattle randomly selected from 950 breeding dairy cattle. These animals were monitored immediately after delivery and blood count and serum BHBA analyzes were performed weekly for the first 8 weeks. According to the results of the BHBA obtained, all animals in the study were divided into three groups as follows; a) Control Group "C"; serum BHBA levels below 1.2 mmol/l during the study b) Subclinical Ketosis Group "SK"; serum BHBA levels between 1.2 and 2.9 mmol/l c) Clinical Ketosis Group "CK"; serum BHBA levels were above 2.9 mmol/l. All performance parameters such as milk yield and reproductive efficacy obtained from the herd management program (Dairy Plan, Gea / Germany). TLS, LS, NS, MS levels were found to be higher in the SK and CK compared to the C. Especially, a strong positive interaction between TLS and blood BHBA level was determined (P <0,000). In addition, the incidence of mastitis, metritis and coexistence of these two infections was significantly higher in the SK and CK than in the C (p <0,013). Furthermore, the rate of culling was significantly higher in the SK and CK than C and it was also observed that this ratio increased in parallel with the severity of the ketosis (p <0.008). These findings show that hematologic parameters change significantly in animals that have undergone clinical or subclinical ketosis and that susceptibility to significant infectious diseases during the periparturient period such as mastitis and metritis increases and as a result, the rate of culling increases.

Transition period and subclinical ketosis in dairy cattle: association with milk production, metabolic and reproductive disorders and economic aspects

“…Higher blood concentrations of NEFA (≥ 0.8 mmol/L) and BHBA (≥ 1.2 mmol/L) at one week post-calving were also significantly correlated with an increased culling rate within 60 days postpartum (odds ratio: 2.0 and 1.8 times respectively) (51). Correlation of SCK with an increased culling risk has been reported by others as well, cows with SCK were 3.6 times (4), 1.92 times (49) more likely to be culled and 26.4% of cows with SCK was culled (64). Culling on high milk producing dairy farms was mainly due to reproductive and metabolic disorders (22,42,65).…”

“…Cattle with blood BHBA > 1400 mmol/L were more susceptible to developing severe mastitis in an experimental E. coli study (31). Mastitis occurrence related to SCK has been reported in a number of studies (7,14,49,64). Frequency of SCK associated mastitis was 1.6 times higher ( 49) and an incidence of 3.4% across 12 countries (7) was reported.…”

“…Calving also creates large abdominal space that increases the risk for DA (38). These metabolic, reproductive and infectious diseases that compromise the cow's health may lead to culling or death (32,38,49,59,64). Figure 1 illustrates the TP of dairy cattle including potential problems, physiological changes and lactation stages.…”

“…This elevated concentration is a result of high lipid mobilisation and consequently progressive ketogenesis in the liver (12,30). However, this silent disease is still harmful in terms of metabolic and reproductive health and milk production (11,14,32,41,49,55,56,59,62,64). This insidiously and progressive disorder causes economic losses (13,18,36,43,45), to the significant degree that it is described by some authors as a silent profit robber (9) or an underestimated profit killer (6).…”

“…Culling, metabolic and reproductive disorders associated with SCK It is widely accepted that SCK reduces milk yield, metabolic and reproductive performance and increases the risk of culling in dairy cow husbandry (15,36,59,67). SCK may lead to culling of dairy cattle due to impaired production parameters (13,49,51,64). In fact, a NEFA concentration of ≥ 0.4 mmol/L at one week pre-calving and an elevated blood BHBA of ≥ 0.7 mmol/L were highly associated with an increased rate of culling with an odds ratio of 1.8 times likelihood within 60 days post-calving.…”