BIOLOGY, FERTILITY LIFE TABLE AND EFFECT OF INSECTICIDES ON Spodoptera eridania (CRAMER) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN STRAWBERRY AND GRAPEABSTRACT-The biology of Spodoptera eridania was studied in the laboratory (22±1ºC, RH 70±10%, 14 hours of photoperiod) in leaves of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv. 'Aromas') and grape (Vitis vinifera cv. 'Cabernet Sauvignon'). The duration and viability of the entire cycle were respectively 52.2±1.32 days and 37.6% for strawberry and 42.2±0.45 days and 25.5% for grapes. The sex ratio in strawberry was 0.58 and 0.48 on grape. The average longevity of males and females in strawberry was 16.3±1.16 and 15.8±1.85 days, respectively, and 5.6±0.88 and 7.3±0.83 days in grape. The mean fecundity was 1,747.5±187.32 eggs per female in strawberry and 1,764.9±289.04 on grape. The life table of fertility showed that the net reproduction rate and finite rate of increase were 394.89 and 1.10, respectively, for strawberry and 213.98 and 1.12 for grapevine. Strawberry cv. 'Aromas' and grape cv. 'Cabernet Sauvignon' are suitable hosts providing similar population growth rates of S. eridania.

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Efficiency of insecticides for the control of the Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) in culture of the Vineyards ABSTRACT -The Brazilian ground pearl Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) is a major pest of vineyards in Brazil. In this study we evaluated the effect of imdacloprid (Premier 700 WG , 0.37 ml of active ingredient/plant) applied in to the soil reduced pest population in 100% when compared with the control treatment (no insecticides). Soil application of fipronil was equivalent to imidacloprid and thiamethoxan standard insecticides used for Brazilian ground pearl control. Soil application of azadirachtin (Azamax ® , 0.24 ml of a.i./plant) and foliar spraying of spirotetramat (Movento SC ® 240, 24 ml a.i./100 L of water) reduced pest infestation in approximate 50 and 60%, respectivelly. We conclude that the soil application of fipronil provides similar control than neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and thiamethoxam and azadirachtin and can be an alternative for pest suppression in organic vineyards.KEY WORDS -Azadirachtin, Brazilian ground pearl, chemical control, fipronil, imidacloprid, spirotetramat, thiametoxam. ) no controle da cochonilha. Quatro experimentos foram conduzidos em áreas naturalmente infestadas pela praga, avaliando-se a eficiência de controle mediante a contagem dos insetos presentes nas raízes oito meses após o plantio. O fipronil (Standak ® , 0.37 mL de i.a./planta) aplicado via solo reduziu em 100% a população da cochonilha quando comparado com o tratamento controle (testemunha), sendo equivalente ao imidacloprido e ao tiametoxam atualmente recomendados para o controle da espécie. A aplicação no solo da azadiractina (Azamax ® , 0,24 mL de i.a./planta) e a pulverização foliar de spirotetramate (Movento 240 SC ® , 24 mL de i.a./100L de água) reduziram a infestação da praga em aproximadamente 50 e 60%, respectivamente. Conclui-se que o inseticida fipronil é equivalente aos inseticidas neonicotinoides imidacloprido e tiametoxam e a azadiractina pode ser uma alternativa para a supressão da praga em vinhedos orgânicos. RESUMO -A pérola-da-terra

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pesticides, used in the organic system, on Apis mellifera under laboratory conditions. Four multiple (0.25x, 0.5x, 1x and 2x)

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Spodoptera frugiperda, the fall armyworm, is a very significant polyphagous pest due to the damages it causes, and control difficulties. Lack of information about its impact on sweet corn motivated a comparison of its biology, with respect to the larval and pupal stages, among the genotypes ELISA, BR 400 (sweet corns), and BR PAMPA (field corn). In laboratory conditions (25 ± 1ºC; 70 ± 10% RH; photophase 12 hours), 35 caterpillars were individualized and fed daily with 3.14 cm 2 sections of corn leaves from the referred-to genotypes, cultivated in plots in the experimental area of the Departament of Fitossanidade, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS from October to November 2000. The caterpillars were weighed daily; after each molt, the cephalic capsules were collected and measured (in width), to establish growth rate; pupae were weighed and sexed when 24 hours old. The duration of the larval instars, the pupal sex ratio, and the mortality of larvae and pupae were evaluated. In the first three instars there were no differences registered in capsule width. In the fourth and fifth instars, capsules of caterpillars kept in BR 400 were smaller. The weight of caterpillars and pupae, instar duration and sex ratio did not differ among the genotypes. Pupal phase duration was less in females kept in BR 400. Mortality was greater in the larval phase in ELISA and in the pupal phase in BR PAMPA.Key words: Spodoptera frugiperda, fall armyworm, sweet corn. RESUMOFases larval e pupal de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em genótipos de milho doce e comum Spodoptera frugiperda, a lagarta-do-cartucho-do-milho, é uma praga polífaga de grande importância agrícola pelos danos e dificuldade de controle. A ausência de informações sobre seu impacto em milho doce motivou a comparação de sua biologia, no que tange as fases larval e pupal, entre os genótipos de milho ELISA, BR 400 (milhos doces) e BR PAMPA (milho comum). Em condições de laboratório (25 ± 1ºC; 70 ± 10% UR; fotofase 12 horas), 35 lagartas foram individualizadas e alimentadas, diariamente, com seções de folhas de 3,14 cm 2 dos referidos genótipos, provenientes de parcelas estabelecidas na área experimental do Departamento de Fitossanidade, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, de outubro a novembro de 2000. As lagartas foram pesadas diariamente e após cada ecdise as cápsulas cefálicas eram recolhidas e mensuradas quanto à largura, para estabelecer a razão de crescimento. As pupas foram pesadas e sexadas com 24 horas de idade. Avaliaram-se a duração dos ínstares larvais, a razão sexual das pupas e a mortalidade larval e pupal. Não se registrou diferença na largura das cápsulas nos três primeiros ínstares. No quarto e quinto ínstares, as cápsulas das lagartas mantidas em BR 400 foram menores. O peso das lagartas e das pupas, a duração dos ínstares e a razão sexual não diferiram entre os genótipos. A duração da fase pupal foi menor nas fêmeas mantidas em BR 400. A mortalidade foi maior, na fase larval, em ELISA e, na pupal, em BR PAMPA.Palavras-chave: Spodoptera frug...

Many species of microhymenopterous parasitoids have been registered on Phyllocnistis citrella, the citrus leafminer. The present study aimed to identify the spatial distribution pattern of the native and introduced parasitoids of P. citrella in two citrus orchards in Montenegro, RS. The new shoots from 24 randomly selected trees in each orchard were inspected at the bottom (0-1.5 m) and top (1.5-2.5 m) stratum and had their position relative to the quadrants (North, South, East and West) registered at every 15 days from July/2002 to June/2003. The leaves with pupae were collected and kept isolated until the emergence of parasitoids or of the leaf miner; so, the sampling was biased towards parasitoids that emerge in the host pupal phase. The horizontal spatial distribution was evaluated testing the fitness of data to the Poisson and negative binomial distributions. In Montenegrina, there was no significant difference in the number of parasitoids and in the mean number of pupae found in the top and bottom strata (χ 2 = 0.66; df = 1; P > 0.05) (χ 2 = 0.27; df =1; P > 0.05), respectively. In relation to the quadrants, the highest average numbers of the leafminer pupae and of parasitoids were registered at the East quadrant (χ 2 = 11.81; df = 3; P < 0.05), (χ 2 = 10.36; df = 3; P < 0.05). In the Murcott orchard, a higher number of parasitoids was found at the top stratum (63.5%) (χ 2 = 7.24; df =1 P < 0.05), the same occurring with the average number of P. citrella pupae (62.9%) (χ 2 = 6.66; df = 1; P < 0.05). The highest number of parasitoids and of miners was registered at the North quadrant (χ 2 = 19. 29; df = 3; P < 0.05), (χ 2 = 4.39; df = 3; P < 0.05). In both orchards, there was no difference between the numbers of shoots either relative to the strata as well as to the quadrants. As the number of shoots did not varied much relative to the quadrants, it is possible that the higher number of miners and parasitoids in the East and West quadrants would be influenced by the higher solar exposure of these quadrants. The data of the horizontal spatial distribution of the parasitism fit to the negative binomial distribution in all sampling occasions, indicating an aggregated pattern.Keywords: citrus leafminer, biological control, parasitoids, Hymenoptera. Distribuição espacial do parasitismo Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, 1856(Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae) em pomares de citros ResumoVários microimenópteros parasitóides têm sido registrados em populações de Phyllocnistis citrella (minador-doscitros). Este estudo objetivou identificar o padrão de distribuição espacial de parasitóides nativos de P. citrella e do introduzido Ageniaspis citricola em dois pomares de citros em Montenegro, RS. Em amostragens quinzenais de julho de 2002 a junho de 2003, todos os brotos de 24 plantas sorteadas aleatoriamente em cada pomar foram inspecionados no estrato inferior (0-1,5 m) e superior (1,5-2,5 m) e registrada a localização destes em relação aos quadrantes (Norte, Sul, Leste e Oeste). As folhas com pupas foram coletadas e i...

Fertilidade e longevidade de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em genótipos de milho.Ciência Rural, v. 34, n. 2, mar-abr, 2004. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, v.34, n.2, p.345-350, mar-abr, 2004 ISSN Fertilidade e longevidade de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em genótipos de milho (4,78; 3,94; 3,94 dias); oviposição (7,55; 6,5; 6,11 dias) e pós-reprodutivo (4,87; 4,64; 5,5 dias); número de posturas/fêmea (6,33; 5,25; 4,88) e de ovos/postura (216,72; 215,03; 226,02); viabilidade dos ovos (59,02; 69,76; 60,81%); intervalo entre oviposições (0,63; 0,86; 1,0 dias); longevidade dos machos (15,22; 13,62; 13,29 dias) e fêmeas (16,33; 14,06; 15,65 dias) com prole; e dos machos (19,17; 13,67; 13,86 dias) e fêmeas (16,43; 8,25; 19,37 400 and BR PAMPA, respectively, were not noticed, 3.94; 3.94 days); oviposition (7.55; 6.5; 6.11 days) and postreproductive (4.87; 4.64; 5.5 days) periods; number of ovipositions/female (6.33; 5.25; 4.88) and eggs/ oviposition (216.72; 215.03; 226.02); eggs viability (59.02; 69.76; 60.81%); interval between ovipositions (0.63; 0.86; 1.0 days); longevity of male (15.22; 13.62; 13.29 days) and female (16.33; 14.06; 15.65 days) with offspring and of the male (19.17; 13.67; 13.86 days) and female (16.43; 8.25; 19.37 days) without offspring. The incubation period of the eggs generated by females whose caterpillars were kept in BR 400 genotype was numerically longer than the others.