This is the first report on incidence rates of mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy in general practice. With an incidence of 1.85 per 1,000 registered persons, Achilles tendinopathy is frequently seen by GPs. The actual incidence might even be higher due to study limitations. More research on the frequency of this injury is required.

<p><strong>Background.</strong> The increase in crime is a problem of great concern in South Africa and complications arise when the accused is mentally ill.</p><p><strong>Objective.</strong> Analysis of the offenders referred to the Free State Psychiatric Complex from 1995 to 2001 according to section 77 (triability) and/or section 78 (accountability) of the Criminal Procedures Act (Act 51 of 1977).</p><p><strong>Method.</strong> The study population consisted of 514 persons awaiting trial in the Free State. They were referred to the Free State Psychiatric Complex for 30 days’ observation from 1995 to 2001. A data form was created and used to transfer the relevant information from the accused’s clinical files.</p><p><strong>Data analysis.</strong> The data collected were analysed by the Department of Biostatistics at the University of the Free State.</p><p><strong>Results.</strong> The majority of the offenders were male (94.6%) and unmarried (66.3%). The median age of the group was 30 years. The unemployment rate was 60%. Most of the referrals (84.2%) were in terms of sections 77 and 78. The accused were found to have mainly average intelligence (75.3%). The main offences were theft (27.8%), murder (18.9%), assault (18.1%) and rape (16.2%). The most common mental disorder diagnosed was schizophrenia (23.0%), with 54.3% having no mental disorder. Nearly half the offenders (48.6%) were found to be triable and accountable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> The majority of the offenders referred for psychiatric observation were found to have no mental illness and were referred back to the courts. This results in high costs for the Department of Health. To reduce the high rate of unnecessary referrals it is recommended that courts give clear reasons for the referrals according to each section (77 and 78).</p>

Enersyds weens die gebruik van filmvoorbeelde in sy filosofiese werk en andersyds weens sy teoretisering van film vanuit 'n Lacaniaanse perspektief, het Slavoj Žižek 'n beduidende merk op filmteorie gelaat. Hierdie artikel stel ten doel om die kontoere en belangrikste motiewe van 'n Žižekiaanse filmteorie te beskryf. Omdat Žižek homself as verteenwoordiger van 'n Lacaniaanse konseptuele tradisie presenteer, word sy eie idees rondom film teen die historiese ontwikkelinge van tradisionele Lacaniaanse filmteorie gestel. Die evolusie in laasgenoemde tradisie hang nou met 'n herkonseptualisering van die filmiese "gaze" as objektivering van die Lacaniaanse objet petit a saam. Met hierdie herkonseptualisering, vergesel van 'n sentraalstelling van aspekte soos die Reële, jouissance, begeerte en fantasie, sinjaleer Žižekiaanse filmteorie 'n terugkeer na 'n latere Lacan - nie die Lacan van die spieëlfase nie. Žižek, as boegbeeld van neo-Lacaniaanse filmteorie, ontsnap egter aan die teoretiese ivoor- toring. Omdat films volgens hom soortgelyk aan ideologie funksioneer (as 'n betekenisstruktuur wat die begeerte van die kyker van meet af aan impliseer), kan films as analitiese gereedskap aangewend word om ideologie te teoretiseer. Žižek se appèl is voorts die dink met film en nie die dink oor film nie, as verantwoordbare wyse om teorie as sodanig in die moderne kapitalistiese wêreld te beoefen.

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In deel I van hierdie tweeledige studie word op slagofferskap as identiteitsmerker binne die konteks van traumadiskoerse gefokus. Die subjek se identiteitsvorming word vanuit 'n Lacaniaanse en Žižekiaanse perspektief omskryf en die "interpellasie" van die subjek as grondliggend tot laasgenoemde se oriëntasie binne die diskoers van die Simboliese Orde beoordeel. Histerie en perversie verteenwoordig twee reaksies van die subjek op enige toegeskrewe identiteit en indien identiteit aan slagofferskap gekoppel word, dus ook twee reaksies hierop. Waar die subjek met 'n histeriese reaksie die slagoffersidentiteit problematiseer, behels 'n perverse reaksie juis die totale verinnerliking daarvan. Deur na LaCapra se onderskeid tussen strukturele en historiese trauma te verwys, kan die verhouding tussen hierdie traumaregisters gebruik word om histerie en perversie in terme van slagofferskap toe te lig. Vervloei die twee met mekaar word 'n perverse reaksie ontlok; word die onderskeid gehandhaaf, is die reaksie eerder histeries. Die hipotese wat volg is dat die universalisering van trauma en slagofferskap in 'n hedendaagse tydsgewrig 'n klemverskuiwing vanaf histerie na perversie fasiliteer.