Water is the most precious natural resource and it is impossible to live without it. However, the potential beneficial uses of water are lost due to changes in its composition as a result of human activity especially from industrial effluents. It is estimated about 22% of the total volume of industrial wastewater is produced by the textiles industry, one of the largest industrial producers of high volume wastewater primarily in the dyeing and finishing operations. This industry engenders a huge contribution to Malaysia’s economy development due to high demands locally and abroad. However, little awareness on the importance of clean practices in the production of Batik among Batik entrepreneurs has caused them to take improper actions by discharging the effluents without proper treatment. Currently, many technologies are available to solve the problems caused by textile industry. However, the best methods differ from plant to plant depending on size, type of waste and degree of treatment needed. This article reviews the available technologies and suggests an effective, cheaper alternative for dye removal and decolorisation applicable on large scale.
Physalis minima linn is a plant under the Solanaceae family having secondary metabolites with distinct biological activities. The total phenolic, total flavonoid and antioxidant activity on different parts (leaves, whole plant, stem, roots and fruits) of Physalis minima linn were analyzed using Folin-Ciocalteu method, aluminium chloride colorimetric method and 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, respectively. Results demonstrated that leaves extract exhibited as the highest value of total phenolic content of 1125.42±14.60 mg of gallic acid (GAE) equivalent per gram of plant (dry extract). The low value of IC50 indicated that leaves, whole plant and fruits can be deemed as a good candidate for natural plant sources of antioxidants with high value of antioxidant activity.
The rapidly expanding cottage textile sector – which is due to increasing demand - has greatly contributed to Malaysia’s economic growth. Unfortunately, this growing industry is also creating a lot of environmental issues associated with textile effluents and it has become a public concern. Innovative solution such as biological technology is preferable as it can reduce the destructive impact on the ecological system. The goal of this research is to study the effectiveness of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Pleurotus ostreatus at decolorizing remazol dyes that exist in textile effluents. Both microbes had exhibited good color removal of between 50 - 70 % in less than 120 hours with optimum conditions for decolorization occuring at pH 7.0, dye concentration of 0.2 mL/mL, and temperature at 37°C.
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