Bensulfuron methyl (BSM) is applied in rice to control a wide range of weeds due to low application rate and high efficiency. A study was conducted to evaluate residues of BSM in soil and rice plant at different doses as pre-and post-emergence application in transplanted rice. The quick easy cheap effective rugged safe (QuEChERS) method was evaluated for BSM residue extraction from different matrices. The limit of detection and limit of quantification was 0.005 and 0.01 µg/g, respectively in soil and rice plant. The average BSM recovery of 91.1, 82.8, 84.5 and 88.7% was obtained from soil, rice straw, grain and husk, respectively. Though, BSM residue was detected (0.011 to 0.017 μg/g) in soil at high dose, it was below maximum residue limit (0.01 μg/g) in rice grain at both the doses of BSM. Hence, the study revealed that the BSM can be safely applied to rice at recommended doses for weed control.
Abstract:Field experiments were conducted with sunflower as a test crop during 2010-11 to study the dissipation kinetics and the persistence of pendimethalin and alachlor in sandy clay loam soil and its terminal residues in sunflower. Herbicides were applied at recommended and double the recommended dose along with control and the treatments were replicated thrice in randomized block design. The soil and plant samples collected at periodical intervals for herbicides residue determination using GC equipped with ECD detector. Results shows that the degradation of both the herbicides in soil was faster at higher dose of application than at the lower dose and the concentration decreased with the advancement in crop growth. While pendimethalin persisted in soil for 60 -90 days, the alachlor persisted in soil for 30 -45 days depending on the quantity of application. Degradation of both the herbicides in soil followed first order kinetics with the mean half life of 14.6 and 9.8 days respectively for pendimethalin and alachlor. Residues of these herbicides were below 0.001 mg/kg at the time of harvest in soil, sunflower seeds and stalks showed that these herbicides a can be safely used for the control of weeds in sunflower cultivation.
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